Closson, KalyshaDietrich, Janan JanineLachowsky, NathanNkala, BusiPalmer, AlexisCui, ZishanChia, JasonHogg, Robert S.Gray, GlendaMiller, Cari L.2024-03-152024-03-152018Closson, K., Dietrich, J., Lachowsky, N. J., Nkala, B., Palmer, A., Cui, Z., Chia, J., Hogg, R. S., Gray, G., Miller, C. L., & Kaida, A. (2017). Gender, sexual self-efficacy and consistent condom use among adolescents living in the HIV hyper-endemic setting of Soweto, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 22(2), 671–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1950-zhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1950-zhttps://hdl.handle.net/1828/16112Within HIV-endemic settings, few studies have examined gendered associations between sexual self-efficacy (SSE), one’s confidence or perceived control over sexual behavior, and uptake of HIV prevention behaviors. Using cross-sectional survey data from 417 sexually-experienced adolescents (aged 14–19, median age = 18, 60% female) in Soweto, South Africa, we measured SSE using a 6-item scale (range:0–6) with ‘high-SSE’ = score > 3 (study alpha = 0.75). Gender-stratified logistic regression models assessed associations between high-SSE and lifetime consistent condom use. A higher proportion of women reported high-SSE (68.7%) than men (49.5%, p < 0.001). We observed no difference in reported consistent condom use by gender (45.5% among women, 45.8% among men; p = 0.943). In confounder models, high-SSE was associated with consistent condom use among men (aOR = 3.51, 95%CI = 1.86–6.64), but not women (aOR = 1.43, 95%CI = 0.74–2.77). Findings highlight that individual-level psychosocial factors are insufficient for understanding condom use and must be considered alongside the relational, social, and structural environments within which young women navigate their sexual lives.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationaladolescentsHIV preventiongenderself-efficacysexual decision-makingcondom usePostprint