Khan, Zawar H.Imran, WaheedAzeem, SajidKhattak, Khurram S.Gulliver, Thomas AaronAslam, Muhammad Sagheer2019-12-242019-12-2420192019Khan, Z.H., Imran, W., Azeem, S., Khattak, K.S., Gulliver, T.A. & Aslam, M.S. (2019). A Macroscopic Traffic Model based on Driver Reaction and Traffic Stimuli. Applied Sciences, 9(14), 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142848http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142848http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11422A new macroscopic traffic flow model is proposed, which considers driver presumption based on driver reaction and traffic stimuli. The Payne–Whitham (PW) model characterizes the traffic flow based on a velocity constant C0 which results in unrealistic density and velocity behavior. Conversely, the proposed model characterizes traffic behavior with velocities based on the distance headway. The performance of the proposed and PW models is evaluated over a 300 m circular road for an inactive bottleneck. The results obtained show that the traffic behavior with the proposed model is more realistic.enmacroscopic traffic flowdriver reactiontraffic stimulivelocity constantPayne–Whitham (PW) modelArticleDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering