Monaghan, Joseph2024-08-092024-08-092024https://hdl.handle.net/1828/16932Timely chemical analysis is imperative for safe stewardship of our environment. Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) affords a means of rapid quantitation of trace organic components in the environment, and has the potential to be deployed for on-site/portable analysis. This thesis explores CP-MIMS for analysis of naphthenic acids associated with the oil and gas industry as well as an emerging contaminant class: para-phenylenediamine quinones (PPDQs) derived from tires. Both of these groups pose a threat to both the environment and Canadian culture. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview on the theory and operation of CP- MIMS. Chapter 2 describes the use of CP-MIMS to characterize NAs in oil-affected waters under a range of aqueous and oil conditions. Chapter 3 elaborates on the use of CP-MIMS for NA analysis by following quantitative and qualitative changes in the NA profile during weathering of diluted bitumen throughout a simulated spill under freshwater conditions. Chapter 4 characterizes polydimethylsiloxane membrane perm-selectivity for complex oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) mixtures using a series of model compounds and real OSPW mixtures. Chapter 5 details development of a high-throughput CP-MIMS method for trace analysis of 6-PPD quinone, a potent salmonid toxin. Chapter 6 refines the high throughput analysis of 6-PPD quinone with CP-MIMS by adapting the technique to additional tire-derived contam- inants and interfacing it with a low-cost autosampler for reduced operator input and simplified data handling. Finally, Chapter 7 reflects and summarizes on the previous chapters and discusses future research directions amenable to online membrane sampling.enAvailable to the World Wide WebMass SpectrometryEnvironmental ContaminantsHigh Throughput AnalysisCitizen Science6-PPD QuinoneNaphthenic AcidsThesisMonaghan, J.; Richards, L. C.; Vandergrift, G. W.; Hounjet, L. J.; Stoyanov, S. R.; Gill, C. G.; Krogh, E. T. Direct mass spectrometric analysis of naphthenic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters impacted by diluted bitumen and conventional crude oil. Sci Total Environ 2021, 765, 144206. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144206. Monaghan, J.; Xin, Q.; Aplin, R.; Jaeger, A.; Heshka, N. E.; Hounjet, L. J.; Gill, C. G.; Krogh, E. T. Aqueous Naphthenic Acids and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Meso-Scale Spill Tank Affected by Diluted Bitumen Analyzed Directly by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129798. Monaghan, J.; Steenis, D.; Vander Meulen, I. J.; Peru, K. M.; Headley, J. V.; Gill, C. G.; Krogh, E. T. Online Membrane Sampling for the Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oil Sands Process Affected Water-Derived Naphthenic Acids in Real-World Samples. Separations 2023, 10 (228), 1-14. DOI: 10.3390/separations10040228. Monaghan, J.; Jaeger, A.; Agua, A. R.; Stanton, R. S.; Pirrung, M.; Gill, C. G.; Krogh, E. T. A Direct Mass Spectrometry Method for the Rapid Analysis of Ubiquitous Tire-Derived Toxin N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine Quinone (6-PPDQ). ES&T: Letters 2021, 8, 1051-1056. DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00794.