Descent with modification (Darwin, 1859) overwhelmingly occurs through the process of natural selection on genetically variable traits. Following deglaciation in the Pleistocene, morphologically conservative marine stickleback ...

The activity of plant estrogens, genistein (GEN) and enterolactone (ENL), on mammalian cells is not well understood. Previously, they have been shown to exhibit a biphasic effect, being stimulatory at low doses and inhibitory ...

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is the only tree in British Columbia and the Northwest US to engage in actinorhizal symbiosis to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This study was conducted to explore the plasticity in growth and ...

Natural communities are structured by a complex of direct and indirect species interactions. It is well recognized theoretically that if these interactions are weak, the entire community is more likely to persist. Several ...

Formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae (MycFDH) was cloned and expressed from various plasmid constructs that incorporate hexahistidine tags onto the N-and C-termini of the protein. The most successful FDH variant, ...

In order to analyze the inducible defense response of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides), macroarrays were used to profile transcript patterns elicited by wounding and by regurgitant from forest tent ...

The Orthopoxviruses (OPVs) comprise a group of viruses that possess very similar genomes; they vary considerably, however, in virulence. Among them, rabbitpox virus (RPXV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV) are the focus of this ...

In the northeast Pacific, salmon are an integral part of ecology, economics and culture. Nearshore areas, where juvenile salmon reside upon leaving their natal streams, are important habitat during a critical time where ...

Hermatypic, or reef-building, corals (Order Scleractinia) are the foundation of coral reefs, providing a diversity of structurally complex habitats for the myriad species in these biologically diverse ecosystems. However, ...