Risks of hypoxia and acidification in the high energy coastal environment near Victoria, Canada's untreated municipal sewage outfalls
Date
2018
Authors
Krogh, Jeremy
Ianson, Debby
Hamme, Roberta C.
Lowe, Christopher J.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Abstract
Wastewater disposal often has deleterious impacts on the receiving environment. Low dissolved oxygen levels are particularly concerning. Here, we investigate the impacts on dissolved oxygen and carbon chemistry of screened municipal wastewater in the marine waters off Victoria, Canada. We analyzed data from undersea moorings, ship-based monitoring, and remotely-operated vehicle video. We used these observations to construct a two-layer model of the nearfield receiving environment. Despite the lack of advanced treatment, dissolved oxygen levels near the outfalls were well above a 62 μmol kg−1 hypoxic threshold. Furthermore, the impact on water column oxygen at the outfall is likely <2 μmol kg−1. Dissolved inorganic carbon is not elevated and pH not depressed compared to the surrounding region. Strong tidal currents and cold, well-ventilated waters give Victoria's marine environment a high assimilative capacity for organic waste. However, declining oxygen levels offshore put water near the outfall at risk of future hypoxia.
Description
Keywords
Hypoxia, Sewage outfall, Ocean acidification, Dissolved oxygen, Victoria BC
Citation
Krogh, J., Ianson, D. Hamme, R.C. & Lowe, C.J. (2018). Risks of hypoxia and acidification in the high energy coastal environment near Victoria, Canada's untreated municipal sewage outfalls. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 517-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.018