Characterization of critical thinking indicators in problem-based learning online discussions of blended and distance undergraduate environmental science students using the community of inquiry model

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dc.contributor.authorNoble, Michael-Anne
dc.contributor.supervisorPelton, Timothy W.
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-31T17:59:10Z
dc.date.available2017-08-31T17:59:10Z
dc.date.copyright2017en_US
dc.date.issued2017-08-31
dc.degree.departmentDepartment of Curriculum and Instructionen_US
dc.degree.levelDoctor of Philosophy Ph.D.en_US
dc.description.abstractThis mixed methods study compared distance and blended undergraduate environmental students at Royal Roads University (RRU) as they participated in online asynchronous PBL case discussion forums as part of an Ecotoxicology course. This study examined the differences between distance and blended teams in their activity, approaches, and levels of critical thinking in an online PBL activity. Critical thinking was evaluated using the cognitive presence indicators of the community of inquiry framework developed by Garrison, Anderson and Archer (2001). An organization indicator was added to the framework to capture posts that organized the discussion forum layout or the team and the distribution of work. The use of the organization indicator in the thread map analysis revealed that teams adopted one of two approaches to the online PBL activity, either an organic approach or an organizational scaffold approach. An open coding approach to content analysis of the posts was used to develop two coding schemes to capture the use of learning scaffolds and degree of online collaboration respectively. These coding schemes were used to compare scaffolding and collaboration behaviours of distance and blended students during the online PBL activity. The study found that whether teams used the online discussion forums or face-to-face discussion as their primary communication method influenced both the timing and the critical thinking content of the online discussion forums. Student moderators’ choices influenced the structure and approach to the PBL activity, as well as the form of document assembly that was observed in the online discussion forums. The learning scaffolds coding scheme demonstrated that both distance and blended students were reading beyond the assigned reading list. Both distance and blended students appeared to develop skills in identifying information gaps over the progression of the PBL case problems as their observable level of critical thinking remained consistent as the problem scaffolding was faded. Although both environmental and non-environmental work experience may be used to scaffold team learning, they are used differently. Online PBL is a good fit for the Royal Roads University Learning and Teaching Model and may be used to provide some consistency across blended and online course content.en_US
dc.description.scholarlevelGraduateen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/8516
dc.languageEnglisheng
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rightsAvailable to the World Wide Weben_US
dc.subjectcritical thinkingen_US
dc.subjectproblem-based learningen_US
dc.subjectonline discussionsen_US
dc.subjectcommunity of inquiryen_US
dc.subjectdistance educationen_US
dc.subjectblended educationen_US
dc.subjectundergraduateen_US
dc.subjectenvironmental scienceen_US
dc.subjectcollaborative learningen_US
dc.subjectcognitive presenceen_US
dc.subjectlearning scaffoldsen_US
dc.subjectthread mapsen_US
dc.subjectcontent analysisen_US
dc.subjectstudent moderatorsen_US
dc.subjectcollaborative document assemblyen_US
dc.subjectmixed methodsen_US
dc.subjectassessment of online discussionsen_US
dc.subjectlearning and teaching modelen_US
dc.subjectteaching presenceen_US
dc.subjectorganization indicatoren_US
dc.subjectonline PBLen_US
dc.subjectasynchronous discussion forumsen_US
dc.titleCharacterization of critical thinking indicators in problem-based learning online discussions of blended and distance undergraduate environmental science students using the community of inquiry modelen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US

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