Attribution of the observed spring snowpack decline in British Columbia to anthropogenic climate change

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dc.contributor.authorNajafi, Mohammad R.
dc.contributor.authorZwiers, Francis W.
dc.contributor.authorGillett, Nathan P.
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-10T20:27:25Z
dc.date.available2025-04-10T20:27:25Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractA detection and attribution analysis on the multidecadal trend in snow water equivalent (SWE) has been conducted in four river basins located in British Columbia (BC). Monthly output from a suite of 10 general circulation models (GCMs) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used, including 40 climate simulations with anthropogenic and natural forcing combined (ALL), 40 simulations with natural forcing alone (NAT), and approximately 4200 yr of preindustrial control simulations (CTL). This output was downscaled to ° spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model (VIC). Observed (manual snow survey) and VIC-reconstructed SWE, which exhibit declines across BC, are projected onto the multimodel ensemble means of the VIC-simulated SWE based on the responses to different forcings using an optimal fingerprinting approach. Results of the detection and attribution analysis shows that these declines are attributable to the anthropogenic forcing, which is dominated by the effect of increases in greenhouse gas concentration, and that they are not caused by natural forcing due to volcanic activity and solar variability combined. Anthropogenic influence is detected in three of the four basins (Fraser, Columbia, and Campbell Rivers) based on the VIC-reconstructed SWE, and in all basins based on the manual snow survey records. The simulations underestimate the observed snowpack trends in the Columbia River basin, which has the highest mean elevation. Attribution is supported by the detection of human influence on the cold-season temperatures that drive the snowpack reductions. These results are robust to the use of different observed datasets and to the treatment of low-frequency variability effects.
dc.description.reviewstatusReviewed
dc.description.scholarlevelFaculty
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding for this project was provided by the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) project (Grant RGPCC-433874-2012).
dc.identifier.citationNajafi, M. R., Zwiers, F. W., & Gillett, N. P. (2017). Attribution of the observed spring snowpack decline in British Columbia to anthropogenic climate change. Journal of Climate, 30(11), 4113–4130. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0189.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0189.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1828/21776
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherJournal of Climate
dc.subjectUN SDG 13: Climate Action
dc.subject#journal article
dc.subjectPacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC)
dc.subjectCanadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma)
dc.titleAttribution of the observed spring snowpack decline in British Columbia to anthropogenic climate change
dc.typeArticle

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