Ion selectivity in carrier-mediated dialysis and electrodialysis

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dc.contributor.authorHansen, Steven Paul
dc.contributor.supervisorBrolo, Alexandre Guimaraes
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-02T22:36:26Z
dc.date.available2012-05-02T22:36:26Z
dc.date.copyright2012en_US
dc.date.issued2012-05-02
dc.degree.departmentDept. of Chemistryen_US
dc.degree.levelDoctor of Philosophy Ph.D.en_US
dc.description.abstractMembrane transport processes underlie many purification technologies. The efficiency of a membrane separation process depends upon material throughput (flux), and the degree to which the membrane discriminates amongst species in the feed stock (selectivity). In a supported liquid membrane, flux may be enhanced by carrier molecules, which act as catalysts of translocation. Carrier molecules also confer selectivity, via differential molecular recognition of the substances in the feed stock. The effect of electrical potential on the flux and selectivity of carrier-containing supported liquid membranes is not well documented. We elected to study the effect of electrical potential on supported liquid membranes containing valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, and a calixarene ester, a sodium ionophore. In these systems, the open circuit membrane potential could be made positive or negative by the choice of anion. With both of these carriers, we observed that selectivity for potassium or sodium salts was dependent on the open circuit membrane potential. To confirm that electrical potential was responsible for the observed selectivity variance, we applied a potential across the membrane using a potentiostat. The applied potential created conditions for carrier-mediated electrodialysis, where oxidation and reduction reactions on either side of the membrane act as the driving force for transmembrane flux of charged species. In chronoamperometry experiments, we found that selectivity for potassium or sodium ion was dependent on the applied electrical potential. Subject to some constraints, selectivity and flux could be controlled by the application of positive or negative electrical potentials. Linear sweep voltammetry experiments allowed for the rapid prediction of the potential that must be applied to achieve optimal selectivity. We also found that membrane potential measurements, as well as the magnitude of current that flows in chronoamperometry experiments, could be interpreted to predict Eisenman and Hofmeister sequences. These results are novel, and await a convincing theoretical justification. The results also suggest that a separation technology could be developed around the idea of modulating selectivity with electrical potential. In this regard, carrier-mediated electrodialysis may be suitable for the sequestration of toxic or radioactive heavy metals, and a large number of carrier molecules for metal ions are currently known. The technique may also be suitable for separating organic molecules, such as high-value chiral pharmaceuticals. Supported liquid membranes are a useful research tool, but industrial applications may require a more stable membrane architecture.en_US
dc.description.scholarlevelGraduateen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/3975
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights.tempAvailable to the World Wide Weben_US
dc.subjectCarrier-mediated electrodialysisen_US
dc.subjectmolecular recognitionen_US
dc.subjection selectivityen_US
dc.subjectpotential-dependent selectivityen_US
dc.subjectmetal separationsen_US
dc.subjectorganic molecule purificationen_US
dc.subjectmembrane transporten_US
dc.subjectValinomycinen_US
dc.subjectCalix[4]esteren_US
dc.subjectCatalyst of translocationen_US
dc.subjectSupported liquid membraneen_US
dc.subjectopen circuit membrane potentialen_US
dc.subjectmembrane potentialen_US
dc.subjectChronoamperometryen_US
dc.subjectLinear sweep voltammetryen_US
dc.subjectEisenman sequenceen_US
dc.subjectHofmeister sequenceen_US
dc.titleIon selectivity in carrier-mediated dialysis and electrodialysisen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US

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