Coupled constitutive relations: A second law based higher-order closure for hydrodynamics
Date
2018
Authors
Rana, Anirudh Singh
Gupta, Vinay Kumar
Struchtrup, Henning
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
The Royal Society Publishing
Abstract
In the classical framework, the Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations are obtained through the linear uncoupled thermodynamic force-flux relations which guarantee the non-negativity of the entropy production. However, the conventional thermodynamic descrip- tion is only valid when the Knudsen number is sufficiently small. Here, it is shown that the range of validity of the Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations can be extended by incorporating the nonlinear coupling among the thermodynamic forces and fluxes. The resulting system of conservation laws closed with the coupled constitutive relations is able to describe many interesting rarefaction effects, such as Knudsen paradox, transpiration flows, thermal stress, heat flux without temperature gradients, etc., which cannot be predicted by the classical Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations. For this system of equations, a set of phenomenological boundary conditions, which respect the second law of thermodynamics, is also derived. Some of the benchmark problems in fluid mechanics are studied to show the applicability of the derived equations and boundary conditions.
Description
Keywords
coupled constitutive relations, Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations, secondlaw consistent boundary conditions, rarefaction effects
Citation
Proc. R. Soc. A 474: 20180323