Toxin-mediated protection against natural enemies by insect defensive symbionts

Date

2020

Authors

Oliver, Kerry M.
Perlman, Steve J.

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Elsevier

Abstract

All organisms have evolved a wide range of strategies to protect against natural enemies, from complex avoidance behaviours to sophisticated immune systems, and insects are no exception. A more recently recognized, and likely widespread, mode of protection for insects is through the use of microbial symbionts. Many of the best studied examples of defensive symbiosis in insects involve infections with maternally inherited symbionts. While inherited symbionts can protect their insect hosts by priming innate immune systems, or competing with enemies for scarce recourses, they have also been found to synthesize a wide diversity of toxins that effectively kill, weaken, or deter parasitic wasps, parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and predatory spiders. In this chapter, we provide an overview of defensive symbioses in insects, focusing in particular on toxin-based protection.

Description

Keywords

insect, Hamiltonella, polyketide, symbiosis, toxin, Spiroplasma, Wolbachia

Citation

Oliver, K.M., & Perlman, S.J. (2020) Toxin-mediated protection against natural enemies by insect defensive symbionts. In K.M. Oliver & J.A. Russell (Eds.), Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis. (pp. 277-316). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aiip.2020.03.005