Browsing by Author "Premji, Zahra"
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Item A scoping review of decision-making tools to support substitute decision-makers for adults with impaired capacity(Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024) King, Seema; Fernandes, Brooklynn; Jaymes, Timothy S.; Boryski, Gwenn; Gaetano, Daniel; Premji, Zahra; Venturato, Lorraine; Santana, Maria J.; Simon, Jessica; Holroyd-Leduc, JaynaBackground: Substitute decision-makers (SDMs) make decisions that honor medical, personal, and end-of-life wishes for older adults who have lost capacity, including those with dementia. However, SDMs often lack support, information, and problem-solving tools required to make decisions and can suffer with negative emotional, relationship, and financial impacts. The need for adaptable supports has been identified in prior meta-analyses. This scoping review identifies evidence-based decision-making resources/tools for SDMs, outlines domains of support, and determines resource/tool effectiveness and/or efficacy. Methods: The scoping review used the search strategy: Population—SDMs for older adults who have lost decision-making capacity; Concept—supports, resources, tools, and interventions; Context—any context where a decision is made on behalf of an adult (>25 years). Databases included MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology and SocIndex. Tools were scored by members on the research team, including patient partners, based on domains of need previously identified in prior meta-analyses. Results: Two reviewers independently screened 5279 citations. Articles included studies that evaluated a resource/tool that helped a family/friend/caregiver SDMs outside of an ICU setting. 828 articles proceeded onto full-text screening, and 25 articles were included for data extraction. The seventeen tools identified focused on different time points/decisions in the dementia trajectory, and no single tool encompassed all the domains of caregiver decision-making needs. Conclusion: Existing tools may not comprehensively support caregiver needs. However, combining tools into a toolkit and considering their application relevant to the caregiver's journey may start to address the gap in current supports.Item “Available Upon Reasonable Request”: Search strategy sharing statements and practices in published systematic reviews(Canadian Health Libraries Association, 2023) Premji, Zahra; Neilson, ChristineIntroduction: There has been an increased emphasis on research transparency and data sharing in recent years. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline was created in 2009, and updated in 2021, to improve transparency of published systematic reviews (SRs). The PRISMA checklist clearly states that complete search strategies should be reported but authors may not adhere to the guideline. A 2017 scoping review on PRISMA compliance showed that the pooled adherence to item #8 (inclusion of search strategy) of the PRISMA checklist was ~62% (Page & Moher, 2017). Some review authors opt to include a statement that the search strategy is available on request, rather than publish them with the review manuscript. This study examined published SRs containing search strategy availability statements and their subsequent sharing practices. Methods: We conducted fulltext searches using Google Scholar, Lens.org, Academic Search Complete, and EBSCO Medline to identify English-language SRs containing search availability statements that were published in the past five years. Results were deduplicated and screened using Covidence software. Results: 155 SRs were included for data extraction. While some authors readily shared their search strategies, others did not. Reproducibility of the shared strategies varied. Failure to share search strategies reduces transparency and may bring the quality of the overall work into question. References: Page, M. J., & Moher, D. (2017). Evaluations of the uptake and impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and extensions: a scoping review. Systematic reviews, 6(1), 263. doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0663-8Item Inuit-defined determinants of food security in academic research focusing on Inuit Nunangat and Alaska: A scoping review protocol(Nutrition and Health, 2022) Naylor, Angus; Kenny, Tiff-Annie; Harper, Sherilee; Beale, Dorothy; Premji, Zahra; Furgal, Chris; Ford, James; Little, MatthewBackground: Academic research on food security in Inuit Nunangat and Alaska frequently adopts the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ working definition of food security and Western conceptualisations of what it means to be ‘food secure’. However, in 2014, the Alaskan branch of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) stated that academic and intergovernmental definitions and understandings ‘are important, but not what we are talking about when we say food security’. The organisation subsequently developed its own conceptualisation and definition: the Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework (AIFSCF), which in 2020 received informal assent by ICC-Canada. Aim: This protocol establishes a review strategy to examine how well academic research reflects Inuit conceptualisations and understandings of food security, as outlined in the AIFSCF. Methods: Review structure and reporting will be completed according to adapted RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy will be used to locate peer-reviewed research from Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (EBSCO) databases. Dual reviewer screening will take place at the abstract, title, and full-text stages. Different study methodologies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods) will be included for review, on the proviso that articles identify drivers of food security. An a priori coding framework will be applied by a single reviewer to extract data on publication characteristics, methods and article aims. Deductive thematic content analysis will then identify the frequency and precedence afforded within literature to the drivers and dimensions of food security identified by the AIFSCF.Item Protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against the omicron variant and severe disease: A systematic review and meta-regression(The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2023) Bobrovitz, Niklas; Ware, Harriet; Ma, Xiaomeng; Li, Zihan; Hosseini, Reza; Cao, Christian; Selemon, Anabel; Whelan, Mairead; Premji, Zahra; Issa, Hanane; Cheng, Brianna; Abu Raddad, Laith J; Buckeridge, David L; Van Kerkhove, Maria D; Piechotta, Vanessa; Higdon, Melissa M; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Bergeri, Isabel; Feikin, Daniel R; Arora, Rahul K; et al.Summary Background The global surge in the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has resulted in many individuals with hybrid immunity (immunity developed through a combination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination). We aimed to systematically review the magnitude and duration of the protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against infection and severe disease caused by the omicron variant. Methods For this systematic review and meta-regression, we searched for cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the WHO COVID-19 database, and Europe PubMed Central from Jan 1, 2020, to June 1, 2022, using keywords related to SARS-CoV-2, reinfection, protective effectiveness, previous infection, presence of antibodies, and hybrid immunity. The main outcomes were the protective effectiveness against reinfection and against hospital admission or severe disease of hybrid immunity, hybrid immunity relative to previous infection alone, hybrid immunity relative to previous vaccination alone, and hybrid immunity relative to hybrid immunity with fewer vaccine doses. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions Tool. We used log-odds random-effects meta-regression to estimate the magnitude of protection at 1-month intervals. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022318605). Findings 11 studies reporting the protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and 15 studies reporting the protective effectiveness of hybrid immunity were included. For previous infection, there were 97 estimates (27 with a moderate risk of bias and 70 with a serious risk of bias). The effectiveness of previous infection against hospital admission or severe disease was 74·6% (95% CI 63·1–83·5) at 12 months. The effectiveness of previous infection against reinfection waned to 24·7% (95% CI 16·4–35·5) at 12 months. For hybrid immunity, there were 153 estimates (78 with a moderate risk of bias and 75 with a serious risk of bias). The effectiveness of hybrid immunity against hospital admission or severe disease was 97·4% (95% CI 91·4–99·2) at 12 months with primary series vaccination and 95·3% (81·9–98·9) at 6 months with the first booster vaccination after the most recent infection or vaccination. Against reinfection, the effectiveness of hybrid immunity following primary series vaccination waned to 41·8% (95% CI 31·5–52·8) at 12 months, while the effectiveness of hybrid immunity following first booster vaccination waned to 46·5% (36·0–57·3) at 6 months. Interpretation All estimates of protection waned within months against reinfection but remained high and sustained for hospital admission or severe disease. Individuals with hybrid immunity had the highest magnitude and durability of protection, and as a result might be able to extend the period before booster vaccinations are needed compared to individuals who have never been infected.Item A scoping review of personal librarian programs in academic libraries(College and Undergraduate Libraries, 2022) Murphy, James E.; Premji, Zahra; Jones, RhiannonPersonal librarian programs have been used in academic libraries since 1984, peaking in prevalence in the 2010s, and although assessment varies, they have shown to be a successful student engagement program in academic libraries. To survey and compile these programs for future program development, the authors comprehensively reviewed published literature on academic library programs categorized as personal librarian programs using scoping review methodology. Sources searched were Academic Search Complete, Web of Science core collection, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Sources, Education Research Complete, monographs, conference proceedings, and gray literature. Programs were primarily in North America, with eighteen in the U.S., four in Canada and one in South Africa. The authors found that a plan of assessment should be in place before embarking on a personal librarian program. By reviewing the various models of personal librarian programs, the authors hope that this scoping review will assist librarians in selecting the appropriate model for their academic institution.Item Systematic review: Defining, diagnosing and monitoring small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease on intestinal ultrasound(Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2024) Lu, Cathy; Rosentreter, Ryan; Delisle, Maxime; White, Mattie; Parker, Claire E.; Premji, Zahra; Wilson, Stephanie R.; Baker, Mark E.; Bhatnagar, Gauraang; Begun, Jakob; Bruining, David H.; Bryant, Robert; Christensen, Britt; Feagan, Brian G.; Fletcher, Joel G.; jairath, vipul; Knudsen, John; Kucharzik, Torsten; Maaser, Christian; MACONI, GIOVANNI; Novak, Kerri; Rimola, Jordi; Taylor, Stuart A.; Wilkens, Rune; Rieder, Florian; The Stenosis Therapy and Anti-Fibrotic Research (STAR) consortiumBackground: Stricturing Crohn's disease (CD) occurs most commonly in the terminal ileum and poses a clinical problem. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) allow for assessment of the entire bowel wall and associated peri-enteric findings. Radiologic definitions of strictures have been developed for CTE and MRE; their reliability and responsiveness are being evaluated in index development programs. A comprehensive assessment strategy for strictures using IUS is needed. Aims: To provide a detailed summary of definitions, diagnosis and monitoring of strictures on IUS as well as technical aspects of image acquisition. Methods: We searched four databases up to 6 January 2024. Two-stage screening was done in duplicate. We assessed risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Results: There were 56 studies eligible for inclusion. Definitions for strictures on IUS are heterogeneous, but the overall accuracy for diagnosis of strictures is high. The capability of IUS for characterising inflammation versus fibrosis in strictures is not accurate enough to be used in clinical practice or trials. We summarise definitions for improvement of strictures on IUS, and discuss parameters for image acquisition and standardisation. Conclusions: This systematic review is the first step for a structured program to develop a stricture IUS index for CD.Item Using Critically Appraised Topics to Teach Evidence-based Management to Graduate Business Students(Association of College & Research Libraries, 2022-04) Premji, Zahra; Jones, RhiannonBusiness is currently one of the most popular degree programs among both graduate and undergraduate students, and non-business programs including engineering, design, and pure sciences—all interested in innovation, commercialization, and marketing—are increasingly integrating business training into their curriculum in the name of interdisciplinarity and improved job placement. There is a sustained and growing need for libraries to effectively support business information literacy.