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Detectable anthropogenic influence in mean precipitation of China
(Geophysical Research Letters, 2025) Wang, Tao; Sun, Ying; Zhang, Xuebin; Yang, Xiu-Qun; Song, Heyang
Detecting and attributing regional-scale mean precipitation changes remains a challenging scientific problem. Due to significant spatiotemporal variability of precipitation changes and the limited ability of climate models to simulate these variations, attribution studies of China's mean precipitation changes remain scarce. We analyze China's long-term precipitation changes using four observational data sets and CMIP6 simulations, with percentage precipitation anomaly as a key metric. Through optimal fingerprinting detection, we identify anthropogenic signals in China's mean precipitation changes. Results reveal an increasing trend in annual precipitation across most regions since the 1960s, which CMIP6 models generally capture, though large inter-model discrepancies persist in simulating trends in southern China. Human influence on China's mean precipitation changes is detectable and separable from natural forcings. Anthropogenic signals are detected in three sub-climatic regions: Northwest China, Northeast China, and Tibetan Plateau. Three-signal analysis indicates that the increase in China's precipitation is primarily driven by greenhouse gas forcing.
Observed surface wind speed trends inferred from homogenized in situ data and reanalysis datasets
(Atmosphere-Ocean, 2026) Wang, Xioalan; Feng, Yang; Isaac, Victor; Zwiers, Francis W.; Vincent, Lucie A.; Hartwell, Megan H.
This paper describes the development of an updated Canadian homogenized monthly mean wind speed dataset, CanHomW mlyV2, for the period 1953–2023 and characterizes observed changes in surface wind speed across Canada. Hourly data from 154 stations in Canada were first quality controlled and adjusted for any non-standard anemometer heights. Then, monthly mean wind speed series were derived and subject to a semi-automated comprehensive data homogenization procedure to identify and diminish non-climatic changes. The procedure uses a combination of station metadata and multiple statistical tests with and without using reference series. The results of the automated procedure were reviewed manually. All of the 154 data series were identified to have one or more non-climatic changes, which were diminished by quantile matching adjustments. Station relocation and/or joining (i.e. joining of different stations’ data records into one data series), and instrument changes/problems were found to be the main causes of non-climatic changes. The homogenized dataset shows weakening winds in a large part of southern Canada (spanning from the southern Prairies to Labrador) and strengthening winds in most other regions, particularly in the area that spans south-central British Columbia to the Rocky Mountains. The weakening winds in the southern Prairies are also seen consistently in the three modern reanalysis datasets (ERA5, OCADA, 20CRv3), while the four datasets show inconsistent trends in most of the other regions. The Canadian wind trends show notable seasonality, as do the agreement/disagreement among the four datasets.
Observed changes in Canada's snowfall as inferred from precipitation and daily mean temperatures
(Atmosphere-Ocean, 2026) Qian, Budong; Wang, Xiaolan; Zwiers, Francis W.; Feng, Yang
Limited long-term snowfall observations make it difficult to document how snowfall is changing across Canada. Proxy snowfall measures derived from more plentiful temperature and precipitation may therefore be helpful. We consider simple partitioning of daily precipitation into rainfall and snowfall based on whether temperature is above or below either 0°C or a station specific threshold. Using daily mean temperature and the fixed 0°C threshold resulted in more accurate estimates of annual and seasonal snow-day number and water equivalent snowfall amount than using daily maximum or daily minimum temperature. Using station-specific thresholds further improved estimation accuracy. Trends estimated from these proxy snowfall indices well match those estimated from observed snowfall data for periods and locations when both are available. The median annual proxy snowfall amount in Canada derived from homogenized daily precipitation and temperature data decreased 2.5% per decade over 1949–2023 south of 60°N and increased 0.5% per decade north of 60°N. Seasonally, annual proxy snowfall amount has changed most rapidly in winter, declining 2.6% per decade in southern Canada and increasing 3.6% per decade in northern Canada. This simple approach improves prospects for the continuation of long-term snowfall monitoring in Canada by exploiting long-term daily precipitation and temperature data.
Precipitation trends in version 2 of the Canadian homogenized monthly precipitation dataset
(Atmosphere-Ocean, 2026) Wang, Xiaolan; Feng, Yang; Zwiers, Francis W.; Cheng, Vincent
This paper describes the development of two improved Canadian homogenized monthly precipitation datasets, the CanHomP mlyV2 station dataset, which includes the entire data record of 425 long-term stations across Canada (since 1840 or later), and its gridded version CanGridP mlyV2, which covers the entire Canadian land mass for the 1949–2023 period and southern Canada for 1916–2023. The latter is subsequently used to provide updated estimates of Canada's historical precipitation trends with an assessment of trend representativeness. The V2 datasets benefit from the use of improved station data and metadata and an improved data homogenization procedure, which together result in better spatial consistency of trends than seen in unhomogenized data. Estimates of precipitation trends based on CanGridP mlyV2 also exhibit temperature scaling rates that are more in line with physical expectations than the previous versions of gridded precipitation datasets, which exhibited unphysically high temperature scaling rates. Precipitation is estimated to have increased in most areas from southern Nunavut to the Arctic Archipelago and from Labrador to northeastern Quebec in all seasons. It has also increased in a zonal band around 62°N in summer, and in most areas in British Columbia and along the St. Lawrence River in spring and autumn. The most outstanding variation of trends in seasonal precipitation is seen in a broad band across southern Canada, where winter precipitation has decreased significantly without extensively significant changes in the other seasons. The best estimate of increase in the period 1949–2023 is 9.7% for Canada as a whole, 18.9% for Canada's North, and 7.5% for Canada's South. The estimated rate of change in Canada's annual precipitation expressed as a function of surface air temperature change is 4.9% per 1˚C of warming for the period 1949–2023. Over the century-long period 1916–2023, annual precipitation in Canada's South is estimated to have increased 10.7%.
(Nearly) ten years of KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies
(Vancouver Island Library Staff Conference (VILSC), 2026) MacFarlane, Samantha; Winter, Caroline; Greenwood, Karina
Celebrating a decade of VILSC is a timely opportunity to reflect on the nearly ten years since the publication of the first issue of UVic Libraries’ scholarly journal, KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies. KULA publishes scholarship exploring the intersections between knowledge production and technology, including the changing digital environment of scholarly publishing itself. In this presentation, we will consider the past, present, and future of the journal in this context, focusing on how KULA’s editorial vision and philosophy have been and continue to be shaped by such technological innovations.
Surface–bulk vibrational correlation spectroscopy
(Analytical Chemistry, 2016) Roy, Sandra; Covert, Paul A.; Jarisz, Tasha A.; Chan, Chantelle; Hore, Dennis K.
Homo- and heterospectral correlation analysis are powerful methods for investigating the effects of external influences on the spectra acquired using distinct and complementary techniques. Nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy is a selective and sensitive probe of surface structure changes, as bulk molecules are excluded on the basis of symmetry. However, as a result of this exquisite specificity, it is blind to changes that may be occurring in the solution. We demonstrate that correlation analysis between surface-specific techniques and bulk probes such as infrared absorption or Raman scattering may be used to reveal additional details of the adsorption process. Using the adsorption of water and ethanol binary mixtures as an example, we illustrate that this provides support for a competitive binding model and adds new insight into a dimer-to-bilayer transition proposed from previous experiments and simulations.
Understanding and developing deliberative approaches to university governance
(Society for Research into Higher Education, 2026-05) Kennedy, Jeffrey; Pek, Simon
This report sets out the results of a review of existing research on deliberation in the context of university governance – an area of scholarship that, while both promising and increasingly relevant, is still nascent and in need of further development. Drawing on an initial analysis of 140 articles and book chapters that engage with the issue, the review presents a number of observations about deliberative university governance. For one, the review demonstrates that deliberation is a significant idea within university governance, both by virtue of a growing number of researchers giving it a central place in their work as well as the frequency of references to deliberation in discussion. That this occurs across various fields adds to a sense of its wider relevance. Nonetheless, the review also demonstrates that conceptual approaches to deliberation in the literature vary considerably. Some authors tie their engagement to established political theory, while others provide no definition, and others occupy a middle path to varying effects. In practical terms, the review demonstrates that deliberation is invoked in a variety of formats and contexts within universities. In addition to innovations intended to further deliberative approaches, both proposed and instituted, the review shows that authors regularly make claims about deliberation being a common feature of different bodies in university governance. Accordingly, in addition to scholarship making normative claims that university governance should be deliberative, scholarship also makes descriptive claims or assumptions about governance already being deliberative. Such claims are, however, not based on empirical research. While such broad trends are identifiable, the report points to the need for both empirical research on both conventional and innovative practices alike and highlights the need for more thorough, systematic theory regarding deliberative university governance and its relationship to longstanding models in the field. In all, then, this review offers an initial analysis of an emerging field and offers direction for future research.
But what about the really bad people? Anti-carceral feminism and surviving violence
(Hypatia, 2025) Yap, Audrey
Feminist scholarship and advocacy in philosophy has gone far in demonstrating that the personal is, in fact, philosophical. Yet this fact doesn’t always match up with the accepted norms, practices, and modes of engagement that dominate many professional settings. It’s not a secret that many people who argue for the abolition of the prison industrial complex are themselves survivors of violence. Indeed, in their co-written book No more police, Mariame Kaba and Andrea Ritchie write, “We are prison industrial complex (PIC) abolitionists not only because our work and research show us that this is the clearest path to greater safety for our communities; we are also abolitionists because we are both survivors” (Kaba and Ritchie 2022).
Dataset of future-shifted weather files for Canada using climate projections from CMIP6
(Data in Brief, 2025) Sobie, Stephen; Curry, Charles
Investigating energy use in new building designs or existing structures in Canada is often performed with energy models that incorporate present-day climate information from the Canadian Weather Year for Energy Calculation 2020 (CWEC2020) weather files. Here we present a new dataset of future-shifted versions of these weather files that have been produced at all CWEC2020 sites across Canada, incorporating projections from the latest generation of climate models from CMIP6. These future-shifted files have been generated using a weather file “morphing” procedure applied to adjust hourly time series of selected thermodynamic variables including dry bulb and dew point temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure. Projected changes used to calculate morphing factors were taken from CMIP6 global climate models following low, medium and high future emissions pathways (SSP1 2.6, SSP2 4.5, SSP5 8.5). Using the projections from each pathway, future-shifted files have been produced for five future periods from the 2040s through the 2080s. These files facilitate the use of energy modelling to understand building performance and guide design choices for infrastructure under future climate change. All of the future-shifted CWEC2020 files are publicly available via the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) Weather Files Data Portal at https://www.pacificclimate.org/data/weather-files
Effect of human-driven, autonomous, and connected autonomous vehicles on geometric highway design
(Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2025) Khan, Zawar Hussain; Ali, Faryal; Altamimi, Ahmed B.; Gulliver, Thomas Aaron
Highway geometric design plays a crucial role in maintaining traffic safety and operational efficiency. The number of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) on highway networks has increased in recent years. In this study, a traffic model is developed from a spring-mass system theory perspective to investigate traffic dynamics on horizontal highway curves. The Intelligent Driver (ID) model is based on a constant exponent δ to characterize driver response, which is unrealistic. By utilizing a spring-mass system analogy, the proposed model provides a more accurate and realistic representation of traffic. This model is used to evaluate the behavior of Human-driven Vehicles (HVs), AVs, and CAVs over a 1300 m circular road. The results obtained show that CAVs have better performance compared to HVs and AVs on horizontal curves, leading to better understanding of safety and efficiency on roads. Further, CAVs improve energy efficiency and emission reduction, contributing to effective and sustainable transportation systems. In addition, the results indicate that the proposed model has better performance compared to the ID model.
Constrained estimates of externally forced past and future warming for Canada
(Earth's Future, 2025) Li, Tong; Zwiers, Francis W.; Zhang, Xuebin; Wang, Xiaolan
The Arctic has experienced the most rapid warming on Earth in recent decades. This affects Canada's landmass, which extends well into the Arctic. Nevertheless, limited spatial and temporal observational coverage, combined with large climate model uncertainties, pose challenges to understanding both past and future climate changes in these regions relative to preindustrial conditions. This is particularly challenging in a place like Canada that has insufficient historical data to determine preindustrial reference conditions. Emergent constraints can overcome this limitation by using historical observations for the modern post‐industrial era to constrain estimates of both preindustrial reference levels and future warming. Here we apply a carefully tested Bayesian observational constraint method to simultaneously assess the externally forced historical and future warming in Canada. Testing indicates that the approach reduces bias and uncertainty in historical and future warming estimates, increasing confidence that it may also serve as a basis for developing a broader understanding of climate change in other high‐latitude regions. We estimate that external forcing from human activity, has warmed Canada by 2.2 [1.3, 3.1]°C between the 1850–1900 pre‐industrial period and the recent 2015–2024 decade. Applying these same observational constraints to future climate conditions indicates that Canada will warm to 5.1 [3.2, 7.0]°C above pre‐industrial levels by the end‐of‐century under an intermediate emissions scenario SSP 2‐4.5, and to 6.7 [4.6, 8.9]°C under a high‐emissions scenario SSP 3‐7.0, with the largest warming projected for Northern Canada, followed by Quebec.
Multivariate Canadian downscaled climate scenarios for CMIP6 (CanDSC-M6)
(Geoscience Data Journal, 2024) Sobie, Stephen; Ouali, Dhouha; Curry, Charles; Zwiers, Francis W.
Canada-wide, statistically downscaled simulations of global climate models from the Sixth Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) have been made available for 26 models using a new multivariate approach and an improved observational target dataset. These new downscaled scenarios comprise daily simulations of precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature at 1/12° resolution across Canada. Simulations from each of the 26 downscaled global climate models span a historical period (1950–2014), and three future Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) representing low (SSP1 2.6), moderate (SSP2 4.5) and high (SSP5 8.5) future emissions from 2015 to 2100. Results from an evaluation of the multivariate downscaling method over Canada yield improved performance in replicating multivariate and compound climate indices compared to previously used univariate downscaling methods. This Multivariate Canadian Downscaled Climate Scenarios for CMIP6 (CanDCS-M6) dataset is intended to facilitate climate impacts assessments, hydrologic modelling, and analysis tools for presenting climate projections.
Effect of human-driven, autonomous, and connected autonomous vehicles on geometric highway design
(Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2025) Khan, Zawar Hussain; Ali, Faryal; Altamimi, Ahmed B.; Gulliver, Thomas Aaron
Highway geometric design plays a crucial role in maintaining traffic safety and operational efficiency. The number of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) on highway networks has increased in recent years. In this study, a traffic model is developed from a spring-mass system theory perspective to investigate traffic dynamics on horizontal highway curves. The Intelligent Driver (ID) model is based on a constant exponent δ to characterize driver response, which is unrealistic. By utilizing a spring-mass system analogy, the proposed model provides a more accurate and realistic representation of traffic. This model is used to evaluate the behavior of Human-driven Vehicles (HVs), AVs, and CAVs over a 1300 m circular road. The results obtained show that CAVs have better performance compared to HVs and AVs on horizontal curves, leading to better understanding of safety and efficiency on roads. Further, CAVs improve energy efficiency and emission reduction, contributing to effective and sustainable transportation systems. In addition, the results indicate that the proposed model has better performance compared to the ID model.
Effect of CO2 sequestration on long-term concrete performance and durability
(Journal of Building Engineering, 2025) Pereira, Clinton; Gupta, Rishi
As global greenhouse gas emissions have increased, all industries have been exploring green and sustainable materials and technologies. Studies have shown that adding CO2 to concrete while it is mixed improves its hardened properties. This experimental approach aims to understand the impact of adding CO2 during the mixing stage on the transport properties, freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance and corrosion resistance of embedded rebars. Key parameters like water permeability, rapid chloride ion penetration, resistivity, dynamic modulus, corrosion potential and rate were measured to assess the long-term durability. For CO2 dosages ranging from 0.25 % to 1 % by weight of cement, a 50–90 % reduction in the permeability coefficient, a 25–40 % decrease in chloride ion penetration values, and a 10–20 % increase in resistivity were observed, in comparison to control. Additionally, CO2 dosages between 0.5 % and 0.75 % showed improved resistance to F-T cycles, as observed by lower mass loss, less surface scaling, and increased stiffness. Concrete slab panels subjected to alternative wetting and drying cycles at elevated temperatures and salt-free environments showed improved corrosion resistance at CO2 dosages between 0.5 % and 0.75 %. However, similar resistance could not be obtained in saline conditions, highlighting the need for supplementary protection to mitigate corrosion. This study also applies Tuutti's model to predict the service life of reinforced concrete to assess the effectiveness of CO2 sequestration.
Base-free palladium-catalyzed borylation of enol carboxylates and further reactivity toward deboronation and cross-coupling
(Tetrahedron, 2025) Gaube, Gregory; Miller, Douglas L.; McCallum, Rowan A.; Nahiane Pipaón Fernández; Leitch, David C.
A series of base-free Pd-catalyzed borylation procedures are reported for a number of alkenyl carboxylates, with pivalates generally outperforming their acetate counterparts. High-throughput experimentation was used to discover and optimize these reactions using in situ generated catalyst systems. Mechanistic studies identified C–O oxidative addition to Pd(0) as the turnover-limiting step, with a variety of rates observed depending on substrate structure. One exemplar oxidative addition complex was isolated and fully characterized, including by X-ray crystallography. This complex undergoes rapid and complete reaction with excess B2Pin2 at room temperature, confirming that no exogeneous base is required for transmetallation with the Pd(II) pivalate intermediate. Notably, gamma-lactone and lactam substrates lead to unstable alkenyl pinacol boronates, which undergo protodeboronation under acidic and basic aqueous conditions. Optimization of this protodeboronation resulted in a mild, two-step reduction of the C–O bond, achieving net-deoxygenation while leaving the alkene intact. In contrast, use of an alternative tetraalkoxydiboron source – B2EPin2 – was successful in catalysis, and offered improved stability of the resulting organoboron species. This enables further reactivity, such as cross-coupling, without competing protodeboronation.
How do practitioners gain confidence in assurance cases?
(Information and Software Technology, 2025) Diemert, Simon; Shortt, Caleb; Weber, Jens H.
Context: Assurance Cases (ACs) are prepared to argue that the system’s desired quality attributes (e.g., safety or security) are satisfied. While there is strong adoption of ACs, practitioners are often left asking an important question: are we confident that the claims made by the case are true? While many confidence assessment methods (CAMs) exist, little is known about the use of these methods in practice. Objective: Develop an understanding of the current state of practice for AC confidence assessment: what methods are used in practice and what barriers exist for their use? Method: Structured interviews and an email questionnaire were used to gather data from practitioners with experience contributing to real-world ACs. Open-coding was performed on transcripts. A description of the current state of AC practice and future considerations for researchers was synthesized from the results. Results: A total of n = 19 practitioners were interviewed. The most common CAMs were (peer-)review of ACs, dialectic reasoning (“defeaters”), and comparing against checklists. Some practitioners also used models to gain confidence in an AC. Participants preferred qualitative methods and expressed concerns about quantitative CAMs. Barriers to using CAMs included additional work, inadequate guidance, subjectivity and interpretation of results, and trustworthiness of methods. Conclusion: While many CAMs are described in the literature there is a gap between the proposed methods and needs of practitioners. Researchers working in this area should consider the need to: connect CAMs to established practices, use CAMs to communicate with interest holders, crystallize the details of CAM application, curate accessible guidance, and confirm that methods are trustworthy.
Limited scientific evidence for decarbonization of energy end-uses and the challenges to learning and empowerment of green hydrogen niches - insights from Canada
(Energy Policy, 2025) Aguilar, F. Ignacio; Hoicka, Christina E.; Seifitokaldani, Ali
Supporting inappropriate uses for hydrogen can delay climate action and decarbonization efforts should limit hydrogen to difficult-to-electrify end-uses. The introduction of novel green hydrogen niches to markets requires learning about which end-uses are appropriate for hydrogen and the empowerment of these niches. This work identifies and collates scientific evidence of when to use hydrogen over electrification of end-uses. The hydrogen end-uses being empowered by legitimization through discourse and resource mobilization are assessed in investment advice, 11 government plans, and 47 policies in Canada. The findings confirm the inattention to when to electrify and when to use hydrogen, observed in the very limited scientific evidence of only two approaches to prioritization, the lack of harmonization between the approaches, and the lack of legitimization of this information. Although some hydrogen end-uses being empowered align with scientific evidence, the most appropriate set of hydrogen end-uses that could contribute to decarbonization are not being legitimized and empowered in Canada. More attention should be paid and resources allocated to developing and legitimizing robust and scientifically based evidence of when to electrify and when to use hydrogen for energy end-uses. This novel method is globally applicable to other emerging technologies and policy analysis.
Greener biofouling prevention for reverse osmosis systems
(IESVic Energy Brief, 2026) Da-Silva-Correa, Luiz Henrique; Henriquez, Orielle-Florianne K. N.; Thorburn, Danyka S. G.; Boutouis, Fatima-Zahra K.; Pereira, Maria Isadora; Sanchez Varon, Dafine R.; Smith, Hayley A.; Douglas, Georgia; Godoy, Rafaela; Gamm, Nicole E.; Aasen, Kirsten; Rahmati, Negar; Welsh, Bethany; Thibodeau, Matthew C.; Buckley, Heather L.
Currently, many communities around the world are dealing with several challenges due to the lack of access to clean potable water. The application of desalination membrane technologies offers a solution to address the insufficiency in potable water supply. This filtration technology has capability to produce freshwater from diverse water sources including wastewater, brackish water, and seawater. So why can't we just use desalination technologies to solve the clean water shortage worldwide? Well, desalination technology is very expensive, mainly because of this thing called biofouling. Biofouling happens when microorganisms embedded in a jelly-like material (biofilm) clog up the membranes used in the filtering process. It reduces water production, damages the membranes, and in-creases the energy needed to produce freshwater. To control biofouling, desalination plant operators usually use a ton of harsh chemicals, which only adds to the cost of the application of the technology. Plus, dealing with biofouling makes waste disposal trickier, further increasing the overall operating costs of desalination plants. Finding safer alternatives to prevent biofouling in desalination membrane systems is not an easy task. It is not just a complex issue; it is something that was never done effectively before. So, in my PhD research, I have come up with a method to find greener and safer chemical solutions to prevent biofouling in desalination membrane systems.
Participatory solid waste governance and the role of social and solidarity economy: Experiences from São Paulo, Brazil
(Detritus, 2020) Gutberlet, Jutta; Besen, Gina Rizpah; Morais, Leandro Pereira
Waste governance is emerging as transdisciplinary and inter-sectoral approach to waste management and policy, overcoming primarily prescriptive engineering perspectives of waste. The process of governing waste involves the articulation of different structures, institutions, policies, practices and actors. Paying attention to issues of power, scale, and equity are important in the search for more democratic practices. Innovative forms of governance are emerging as decentralized, participatory and inclusive, focused on waste reduction and resource recovery. Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) is an innovative alternative in generating work and income and a response in favor of social and labor inclusion. It can also be considered as a new, more humane and inclusive development model. With this article we aim to provide practical knowledge on the contributions of grassroots organizations and networks in waste management, supporting the discussion of waste governance in the context of the SSE. We present different experiences of waste picker organizations in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil to showcase their assets and to discuss prevailing challenges. Employing the SSE as a new development model allows us to address everyday issues of waste generation, management and governance in Brazilian cities and in other parts of the world; particularly from the perspective of organized waste pickers in associations, cooperatives and networks. This is a development paradigm which goes beyond just economic considerations, as highlighted with examples from waste management.
Grassroots eco-social innovations driving inclusive circular economy
(Detritus, 2023) Gutberlet, Jutta
The paper discusses research results on waste governance and circular economy, conducted with waste picker cooperatives in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Two cases have been selected, from a pool of 21 waste picker organizations, to video document their grassroots eco-social innovations that have improved local waste management and the lives of the cooperative members. The videos support knowledge sharing with key actors in waste governance and the circular economy. Social grassroots innovation theory focuses on livelihood opportunities beyond the formal labour market, pursuing social inclusion by creating meaningful work for individuals who were considered left out and in vulnerable situations. Transitioning to sustainability necessarily goes beyond socio-technical innovations but rather integrates eco-social perspectives. After first introducing grassroots innovation theory and the concept of eco-social innovations the paper describes the empirical frame and presents two cases where organized waste pickers were successful in operationalizing innovations that address the circular economy and contribute to sustainability transitions. Key findings highlighted are cooperative governance, long-term partnership building, improved productivity and increased income.

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