Stoichiometric traits of stickleback: Effects of genetic background, rearing environment, and ontogeny
Date
2017
Authors
Leal, Miguel Costa
Best, Rebecca J.
Durston, Daniel
El-Sabaawi, Rana
Matthews, Blake
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ecology and Evolution
Abstract
Phenotypes can both evolve in response to, and affect, ecosystem change, but few examples of diverging ecosystem-effect traits have been investigated. Bony armor traits of fish are good candidates for this because they evolve rapidly in some freshwater fish populations, and bone is phosphorus rich and likely to affect nutrient recycling in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we explore how ontogeny, rearing environment, and bone allocation among body parts affect the stoichiometric phenotype (i.e., stoichiometric composition of bodies and excretion) of threespine stickleback. We use two populations from distinct freshwater lineages with contrasting lateral plating phenotypes (full vs. low plating) and their hybrids, which are mostly fully plated. We found that ontogeny, rearing environment, and body condition were the most important predictors of organismal stoichiometry. Although elemental composition was similar between both populations and their hybrids, we found significant divergence in phosphorus allocation among body parts and in phosphorus excretion rates. Overall, body armor differences did not explain variation in whole body phosphorus, phosphorus allocation, or phosphorus excretion. Evolutionary divergence between these lineages in both allocation and excretion is likely to have important direct consequences for ecosystems, but may be mediated by evolution of multiple morphological or physiological traits beyond plating phenotype.
Description
Keywords
allocation, condition, ecological stoichiometry, fish, phosphorus
Citation
Leal, M.C.; Best, R.J.; Durston, D.; El-Sabaawi, R.W.; & Matthews, B. (2017). Stoichiometric traits of stickleback: Effects of genetic background, rearing environment, and ontogeny. Ecology and Evolution, 7(8), 2617-2625. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2802