Microglial implications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: Lessons from viral RNA neurotropism and possible relevance to Parkinson's disease

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dc.contributor.authorAwogbindin, Ifeoluwa O.
dc.contributor.authorBen-Azu, Benneth
dc.contributor.authorOlusola, Babatunde A.
dc.contributor.authorAkinluyi, Elizabeth T.
dc.contributor.authorAdeniyi, Philip A.
dc.contributor.authorDi Paolo, Therese
dc.contributor.authorTremblay, Marie-Ève
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-20T15:51:50Z
dc.date.available2024-03-20T15:51:50Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractSince December 2019, humankind has been experiencing a ravaging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, the second coronavirus pandemic in a decade after the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) disease in 2012. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is responsible for over 3.1 million deaths worldwide. With the emergence of a second and a third wave of infection across the globe, and the rising record of multiple reinfections and relapses, SARS-CoV-2 infection shows no sign of abating. In addition, it is now evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with neurological symptoms that include early hyposmia, ischemic stroke, meningitis, delirium and falls, even after viral clearance. This may suggest chronic or permanent changes to the neurons, glial cells, and/or brain vasculature in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. Within the central nervous system (CNS), microglia act as the central housekeepers against altered homeostatic states, including during viral neurotropic infections. In this review, we highlight microglial responses to viral neuroinfections, especially those with a similar genetic composition and route of entry as SARS-CoV-2. As the primary sensor of viral infection in the CNS, we describe the pathogenic and neuroinvasive mechanisms of RNA viruses and SARS-CoV-2 vis-à-vis the microglial means of viral recognition. Responses of microglia which may culminate in viral clearance or immunopathology are also covered. Lastly, we further discuss the implication of SARS-CoV-2 CNS invasion on microglial plasticity and associated long-term neurodegeneration. As such, this review provides insight into some of the mechanisms by which microglia could contribute to the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 neurological sequelae and disorders, including Parkinson's disease, which could be pervasive in the coming years given the growing numbers of infected and re-infected individuals globally.
dc.description.reviewstatusReviewed
dc.description.scholarlevelFaculty
dc.description.sponsorshipIA was supported by an International Brain Research Organization African Regional Committee (IBRO-ARC) 2019 Fellowship at the Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. BB-A was a recipient of IBRO ARC 2020 Fellowship. EA was a recipient of the Committee for Aid and Education in Neurochemistry (CAEN) 1A grant from the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN). PA was a recipient of 2019 Young IBRO Regions Connecting Award. BO and IA were recipients of the University of Ibadan MEPI Junior Faculty Research Training Program (UI-MEPI-J) mentored research award through the National Institute of Health (NIH), United States grant funded by Fogarty International Centre, the office of AIDS Research and National Human Genome Research Institute of NIH, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and the Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator under award number D43TW01014. MÈ-T holds a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2) in Neurobiology of Aging and Cognition. TD and M-ÈT hold an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#341846) for their work on microglia and Parkinson’s disease.
dc.identifier.citationAwogbindin, I. O., Ben-Azu, B., Olusola, B. A., Akinluyi, E. T., Adeniyi, P. A., Di Paolo, T., & Tremblay, M-È. (2021). Microglial implications in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: Lessons from viral RNA neurotropism and possible relevance to Parkinson's disease. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, 670298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.670298
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.670298
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1828/16229
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectmicroglia
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectbrain
dc.subjectviral RNA neurotropism
dc.subjectParkinson's disease
dc.subjectneuropsychiatric disorders
dc.subjectneurodegenerative diseases
dc.subject.departmentDivision of Medical Sciences
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Medical Sciences
dc.titleMicroglial implications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: Lessons from viral RNA neurotropism and possible relevance to Parkinson's disease
dc.typeArticle

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