Toilet revolution in China

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dc.contributor.authorCheng, Shikun
dc.contributor.authorLi, Zifu
dc.contributor.authorUddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim
dc.contributor.authorMang, Heinz-Peter
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Xiaoqin
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Jian
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Lei
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Lingling
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-01T19:51:54Z
dc.date.available2018-03-01T19:51:54Z
dc.date.copyright2017en_US
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionAvailable online 21 September 2017 In Press, Corrected Proofen_US
dc.description.abstractThe wide-spread prevalence of unimproved sanitation technologies has been a major cause of concern for the environment and public health, and China is no exception to this. Towards the sanitation issue, toilet revolution has become a buzzword in China recently. This paper elaborates the backgrounds, connotations, and actions of the toilet revolution in China. The toilet revolution aims to create sanitation infrastructure and public services that work for everyone and that turn waste into value. Opportunities for implementing the toilet revolution include: fulfilling Millennium Development Goals and new Sustainable Development Goals; government support at all levels for popularizing sanitary toilet; environmental protection to alleviate wastewater pollution; resource recovery from human waste and disease prevention for health and wellbeing improvement. Meanwhile, the challenges faced are: insufficient funding and policy support, regional imbalance and lagging approval processes, weak sanitary awareness and low acceptance of new toilets, lack of R&D and service system. The toilet revolution requires a concerted effort from many governmental departments. It needs to address not only technology implementation, but also social acceptance, economic affordability, maintenance issues and, increasingly, gender considerations. Aligned with the ecological sanitation principles, it calls for understanding issues across the entire sanitation service chain. Public-private partnership is also recommended to absorb private capital to make up the lack of funds, as well as arouse the enthusiasm of the public.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation for the support of Reinvent the Toilet Challenge - China Regional Program (Global Development Grant Number OPP1051913), National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFC0403401) and National Environment and Energy International Science and Technology Cooperation Base.en_US
dc.identifier.citationCheng, S., Li, Z., Uddin, S.M.N., Mang, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., Zheng, L. & Zhang, L. (2017). Toilet revolution in China. Journal of Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.043en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.043
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/9108
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Environmental Managementen_US
dc.subjectToilet revolution
dc.subjectSanitation
dc.subjectChallenge
dc.subjectOpportunities
dc.subjectChina
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Geography
dc.titleToilet revolution in Chinaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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