Ketogenic diet alters microglial morphology and changes the hippocampal lipidomic profile distinctively in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat
| dc.contributor.author | González Ibáñez, Fernando | |
| dc.contributor.author | Halvorson, Torin | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sharma, Kaushik | |
| dc.contributor.author | McKee, Chloe | |
| dc.contributor.author | Carrier, Micaël | |
| dc.contributor.author | Picard, Katherine | |
| dc.contributor.author | Vernoux, Nathalie | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bisht, Kanchan | |
| dc.contributor.author | Deslauriers, Jessica | |
| dc.contributor.author | Lalowski, Maciej | |
| dc.contributor.author | Tremblay, Marie-Ève | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-01-08T22:20:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-01-08T22:20:13Z | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2023 | en_US |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
| dc.description | We thank all the personal of the animal facility of Centre de Recherche CHU de Quebec Université Laval. We are grateful to the UVic Genome BC Proteomics Center for the lipidomic MS experiments. We also acknowledge with respect the Lək̓ʷəŋən peoples on whose traditional territory the University of Victoria stands and the Songhees, Esquimalt and W̱SÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Psychological stress confers an increased risk for several diseases including psychiatric conditions. The susceptibility to psychological stress is modulated by various factors, many of them being modifiable lifestyle choices. The ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as a dietary regime that offers positive outcomes on mood and health status. Psychological stress and elevated inflammation are common features of neuropsychiatric disorders such as certain types of major depressive disorder. KD has been attributed anti-inflammatory properties that could underlie its beneficial consequences on the brain and behavior. Microglia are the main drivers of inflammation in the central nervous system. They are known to respond to both dietary changes and psychological stress, notably by modifying their production of cytokines and relationships among the brain parenchyma. To assess the interactions between KD and the stress response, including effects on microglia, we examined adult male mice on control diet (CD) versus KD that underwent 10 days of repeated social defeat (RSD) or remained non-stressed (controls; CTRLs). Through a social interaction test, stressed mice were classified as susceptible (SUS) or resistant (RES) to RSD. The mouse population fed a KD tended to have a higher proportion of individuals classified as RES following RSD. Microglial morphology and ultrastructure were then analyzed in the ventral hippocampus CA1, a brain region known to present structural alterations as a response to psychological stress. Distinct changes in microglial soma and arborization linked to the KD, SUS and RES phenotypes were revealed. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy showed a clear reduction of cellular stress markers in microglia from KD fed animals. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis showed that microglial contacts with synaptic elements were reduced in the SUS compared to the RES and CTRL groups. Hippocampal lipidomic analyses lastly identified a distinct lipid profile in SUS animals compared to CTRLs. These key differences, combined with the distinct microglial responses to diet and stress, indicate that unique metabolic changes may underlie the stress susceptibility phenotypes. Altogether, our results reveal novel mechanisms by which a KD might improve the resistance to psychological stress. | en_US |
| dc.description.reviewstatus | Reviewed | en_US |
| dc.description.scholarlevel | Faculty | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | We further acknowledge all the funding agencies making this work possible. F.G.I. was supported by a full doctoral scholarship from the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT). T.H. was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Undergraduate Student Research Award. M.C. and K.P. were supported by Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS) Doctoral Training Awards. K.P. was also supported by a Centre de Thématique de Recherche en Neurosciences scholarship. M.E.T. is a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Neurobiology of Aging and Cognition. J.D. was funded by FRQS Research Scholar Junior 1 #298905 and a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant #1R21MH119561-01A1. M.L. was supported by the Academy of Finland grant #318857. This research was also funded by a NSERC Discovery grant awarded to M.E.T. (RGPIN-2014-05308) and the ERA-NET Co-Fund project JTC2017, MicroSynDep Consortium, to J.D., M.L. and M.E.T. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | González Ibáñez, F., Halvorson, T., Sharma, K., McKee, C., Carrier, M., Picard, K., ... Tremblay, M-È. (2023). Ketogenic diet alters microglial morphology and changes the hippocampal lipidomic profile distinctively in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.28.555135 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.28.555135 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1828/15808 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | bioRxiv | en_US |
| dc.subject | Ketogenic diet | |
| dc.subject | repeated social defeat | |
| dc.subject | psychological stress | |
| dc.subject | hippocampus | |
| dc.subject | microglia | |
| dc.subject | electron microscopy | |
| dc.subject | lipidomics | |
| dc.subject | Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) | |
| dc.subject.department | Division of Medical Sciences | |
| dc.subject.department | School of Medical Sciences | |
| dc.title | Ketogenic diet alters microglial morphology and changes the hippocampal lipidomic profile distinctively in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat | en_US |
| dc.type | Preprint | en_US |