On the Offshore Advection of Boundary-Layer Structures and the Influence on Offshore Wind Conditions

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dc.contributor.authorDörenkämper, Martin
dc.contributor.authorOptis, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMonahan, Adam H.
dc.contributor.authorSteinfeld, Gerald
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-25T01:11:24Z
dc.date.available2020-11-25T01:11:24Z
dc.date.copyright2015en_US
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractThe coastal discontinuity imposes strong signals to the atmospheric conditions over the sea that are important for wind-energy potential. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the land–sea transition on wind conditions in the Baltic Sea using data from an offshore meteorological tower, data from a wind farm, and mesoscale model simulations. Results show a strong induced stable stratification when warm inland air flows over a colder sea. This stratification demonstrates a strong diurnal pattern and is most pronounced in spring when the land–sea temperature difference is greatest. The strength of the induced stratification is proportional to this parameter and inversely proportional to fetch. Extended periods of stable stratification lead to increased influence of inertial oscillations and increased frequency of low-level jets. Furthermore, heterogeneity in land-surface roughness along the coastline is found to produce pronounced horizontal streaks of reduced wind speeds that under stable stratification are advected several tens of kilometres over the sea. The intensity and length of the streaks dampen as atmospheric stability decreases. Increasing sea surface roughness leads to a deformation of these streaks with increasing fetch. Slight changes in wind direction shift the path of these advective streaks, which when passing through an offshore wind farm are found to produce large fluctuations in wind power. Implications of these coastline effects on the accurate modelling and forecasting of offshore wind conditions, as well as damage risk to the turbine, are discussed.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work presented in this study is funded by the National Research Project Baltic 1 (FKZ0325215A, Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety) and the Ministry for Education, Science and Culture of Lower Saxony. The DAAD is thanked for granting Martin Dörenkämper a 2-month stay at the University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Adam Monahan and Michael Optis acknowledge the support of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grant Program and the CREATE Training Program in Interdisciplinary Climates Science. The authors thank the Project Management Jülich (PTJ) and the Federal Maritime And Hydrographic Agency (BSH) for providing access to the data of the offshore research platform FINO2.en_US
dc.identifier.citationDörenkämper, M., Opris, M., Monahan, A. H., & Steinfeld, G. (2015). On the Offshore Advection of Boundary-Layer Structures and the Influence on Offshore Wind Conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 155, 459-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0008-x.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0008-x
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/12385
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBoundary-Layer Meteorologyen_US
dc.subjectCoastal meteorology
dc.subjectLow-level jets
dc.subjectOffshore wind farms
dc.subjectStable stratification
dc.subjectWind energy
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences
dc.titleOn the Offshore Advection of Boundary-Layer Structures and the Influence on Offshore Wind Conditionsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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