Effects of Exogenously Applied Gibberellins and Thidiazuron on Phytohormone Profiles of Long-Shoot Buds and Cone Gender Determination in Lodgepole Pine

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dc.contributor.authorKong, Lisheng
dc.contributor.authorvon Aderkas, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorZaharia, L. Irina
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-22T23:44:36Z
dc.date.available2016-06-22T23:44:36Z
dc.date.copyright2016en_US
dc.date.issued2016-03
dc.description.abstractIn long-shoot buds of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm), cone-bud initiation and gender differentiation occur in a site-specific manner: female cone buds are normally restricted to the distal portion, whereas male cone buds are located in the proximal portion. Application of a paste containing two plant growth regulators gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4/7) combined with thidiazuron (TDZ) to long-shoot buds prior to cone-bud gender determination altered endogenous phytohormone profiles and induced female cone-bud formation in the proximal portion of the long-shoot bud, where male cone buds normally occur. Induced cone clusters observed in the following spring were either entirely female or a mixture of both female and male cones. Endogenous phytohormones in the long-shoot bud tissues were quantified by the stable isotope dilution method using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Applied GA4/7 + TDZ led to increased concentrations of endogenous zeatin-type cytokinins, that is, trans-zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside, whereas concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolite, ABA glucose ester, were decreased, all relative to control, in untreated long-shoot bud tissue. Concentrations of extractable GA4 and GA7 declined in long-shoot bud tissues over 4 weeks following treatment with exogenous GA4/7. This study demonstrates that high levels of endogenous zeatin-type cytokinins, together with reduced levels of ABA, both induced by applied GA4/7 + TDZ, are positively associated with an increased female cone-bud formation in long-shoot buds.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, as well as the Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia. This project was also supported by the Discovery Grant Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Assistance from Tim Lee, Tia Wagner and Dan Gaudet (Vernon Seed Orchard Company), Julia Gill, Olivia de Geode, Meaghan Duke (University of Victoria), Monika Lafond, Vera Čekić, Stacey Owen, and Dr. Suzanne Abrams (NRCC-PBI) is gratefully acknowledged.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKong, L., von Aderkas, P. & Zaharia, L.I (2016). Effects of exogenously applied gibberellins and thidiazuron on phytohormone profiles of long-shoot buds and cone gender determination in lodgepole pine. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 35(1), 172-182.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9517-6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/7351
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Plant Growth Regulationen_US
dc.subjectcone gender determinationen_US
dc.subjectgibberellinsen_US
dc.subjectlodgepole pineen_US
dc.subjectpaste treatmenten_US
dc.subjectphytohormone profilesen_US
dc.subjectthidiazuronen_US
dc.titleEffects of Exogenously Applied Gibberellins and Thidiazuron on Phytohormone Profiles of Long-Shoot Buds and Cone Gender Determination in Lodgepole Pineen_US
dc.typePostprinten_US

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