The effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour: A systematic review of longitudinal trials

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dc.contributor.authorNoseworthy, Matt
dc.contributor.authorPeddie, Luke
dc.contributor.authorBuckler, E. Jean
dc.contributor.authorPark, Faith
dc.contributor.authorPham, Margaret
dc.contributor.authorPratt, Spencer
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Arpreet
dc.contributor.authorPuterman, Eli
dc.contributor.authorLiu-Ambrose, Teresa
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-21T20:02:56Z
dc.date.available2023-02-21T20:02:56Z
dc.date.copyright2023en_US
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractA growing body of research is exploring the potential added health benefits of exercise when performed outdoors in nature versus indoors. This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of exercise in outdoor environments versus indoor environments on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour. We searched nine databases from inception to March 2021 for English language, peer-reviewed articles: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, GreenFile, and CENTRAL.We included randomized and nonrandomized trials that compared multiple bouts of exercise in outdoor versus indoor environments, and that assessed at least one outcome related to physical health, psychological health, or physical activity behaviour. Due to minimal outcome overlap and a paucity of studies, we performed a narrative synthesis. We identified 10 eligible trials, including 7 randomized controlled trials, and a total of 343 participants. Participant demographics, exercise protocols, and outcomes varied widely. In the 10 eligible studies, a total of 99 comparisons were made between outdoor and indoor exercise; all 25 statistically significant comparisons favoured outdoor exercise. Interpretation of findings was hindered by an overall high risk of bias, unclear reporting, and high outcome heterogeneity. There is limited evidence for added health or behaviour benefits of outdoor exercise versus indoor exercise. Rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed with larger samples and clear reporting.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.identifier.citationNoseworthy, M., Peddie, L., Buckler, E. J., Park, F., Pham, M., Pratt, S., . . . Liu- Ambrose, T. (2023). “The effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour: A systematic review of longitudinal trials.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031669en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031669
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/14796
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthen_US
dc.subjectgreen exercise
dc.subjectoutdoor exercise
dc.subjectnature
dc.subjectphysical health
dc.subjectpsychological health
dc.subjectphysical activity behaviour
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education
dc.titleThe effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour: A systematic review of longitudinal trialsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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