From policy to practice: implementation of physical activity and food policies in schools

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dc.contributor.authorMâsse, Louise C
dc.contributor.authorNaiman, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorNaylor, Patti-Jean
dc.date.accessioned2015-03-23T20:54:35Z
dc.date.available2015-03-23T20:54:35Z
dc.date.copyright2013en_US
dc.date.issued2013-06-03
dc.descriptionBioMed Centralen_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Public policies targeting the school setting are increasingly being used to address childhood obesity; however, their effectiveness depends on their implementation. This study explores the factors which impeded or facilitated the implementation of publicly mandated school-based physical activity and nutrition guidelines in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 school informants (17 principals - 33 teacher/school informants) to examine the factors associated with the implementation of the mandated Daily Physical Activity (DPA) and Food and Beverage Sales in Schools (FBSS) guidelines. Coding used a constructivist grounded theory approach. The first five transcripts and every fifth transcript thereafter were coded by two independent coders with discrepancies reconciled by a third coder. Data was coded and analysed in the NVivo 9 software. Concept maps were developed and current theoretical perspectives were integrated in the later stages of analysis. Results: The Diffusion of Innovations Model provided an organizing framework to present emergent themes. With the exception of triability (not relevant in the context of mandated guidelines/policies), the key attributes of the Diffusion of Innovations Model (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability) provided a robust framework for understanding themes associated with implementation of mandated guidelines. Specifically, implementation of the DPA and FBSS guidelines was facilitated by perceptions that they: were relatively advantageous compared to status quo; were compatible with school mandates and teaching philosophies; had observable positive impacts and impeded when perceived as complex to understand and implement. In addition, a number of contextual factors including availability of resources facilitated implementation. Conclusions: The enactment of mandated policies/guidelines for schools is considered an essential step in improving physical activity and healthy eating. However, policy makers need to: monitor whether schools are able to implement the guidelines, support schools struggling with implementation, and document the impact of the guidelines on students’ behaviors. To facilitate the implementation of mandated guidelines/policies, the Diffusion of Innovations Model provides an organizational framework for planning interventions. Changing the school environment is a process which cannot be undertaken solely by passive means as we know that such approaches have not resulted in adequate implementation.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (funding reference number GIR-99715). Dr. Mâsse received salary support from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (senior scholarship), the Child and Family Research Institute located at the Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia (level 2 scientist award), and the Sunny Hill Foundation to complete this work.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMâsse et al.: From policy to practice: implementation of physical activity and food policies in schools. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2013 10:71.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ijbnpa.org/content/10/1/71
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-71
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/5923
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activityen_US
dc.rights.tempAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/*
dc.subjectPhysical education
dc.subjectPhysical activity
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectSchool policies
dc.subjectSchool guidelines
dc.subjectImplementation
dc.subjectUptake
dc.subjectBarriers
dc.subjectFacilitators
dc.subjectQualitative
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education
dc.titleFrom policy to practice: implementation of physical activity and food policies in schoolsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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