The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous knowledge

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dc.contributor.authorLin, Audrey T.
dc.contributor.authorHammond-Kaarremaa, Liz
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Hsiao-Lei
dc.contributor.authorStantis, Chris
dc.contributor.authorMcKechnie, Iain
dc.contributor.authorPavel, Michael
dc.contributor.authorPavel, Susan sa'hLa mitSa
dc.contributor.authorWyss, Senaqwila Sen̓áḵw
dc.contributor.authorSparrow, Debra qwasen
dc.contributor.authorCarr, Karen
dc.contributor.authorAninta, Sabhrina Gita
dc.contributor.authorPerri, Angela
dc.contributor.authorHartt, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorBergström, Anders
dc.contributor.authorCarmagnini, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorCharlton, Sophy
dc.contributor.authorDalén, Love
dc.contributor.authorFeuerborn, Tatiana R.
dc.contributor.authorFrance, Christine A.M.
dc.contributor.authorGopalakrishnan, Shyam
dc.contributor.authorGrimes, Vaughan
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Alex
dc.contributor.authorKavich, Gwénaëlle
dc.contributor.authorSacks, Benjamin N.
dc.contributor.authorSinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
dc.contributor.authorSkoglund, Pontus
dc.contributor.authorStanton, David W. G.
dc.contributor.authorOstrander, Elaine A.
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Greger
dc.contributor.authorArmstrong, Chelsey G.
dc.contributor.authorFrantz, Laurent A. F.
dc.contributor.authorHawkins, Melissa T. R.
dc.contributor.authorKistler, Logan
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-22T15:40:29Z
dc.date.available2024-03-22T15:40:29Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionWe wish to express our deep gratitude to the Honorable Steven Point, Grand Chief and Dr. Gwen Point of the Stó:lō Nation for giving us permission and encouragement for this research. Thanks to Candace Wellman for her role in re-discovering Mutton, assistance with history of the area, and photographs. We raise our hands in thanks to all people within the Coast Salish communities who have graciously shared their time and knowledge to realize this project, specifically: Xweliqwiya Rena Point Bolton (Stó:lō Nation); Danielle Morsette (Suquamish/Shxwhá:y Village); Eliot Kwulasultun White (Snuneymuxw First Nation); Sulqwan Philomena Williams (Cowichan); Violet Snu’Meethia Elliott (Snuneymuxw); Tracy Sesemiya Williams Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish Nation); Andrea Fritz, Norris family (Lyacksun); Tillie Jones (Tulalip); Tami Hohn (Puyallup); q́wat́ǝlǝmu Nancy Bob (Lummi). Interviews were carried out under Institutional Review Board and Research Ethics Board approvals from the Smithsonian Institution (Human Subjects Protocol #HS220007) and Vancouver Island University (#101410), with informed consent including explicit opt-in permissions to reprint quotations with personal attribution. Computations performed for this paper were conducted on the Smithsonian High Performance Cluster, Smithsonian Institution: https://doi.org/10.25572/SIHPC, and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ). Portions of the laboratory work were conducted in and with the support of the Laboratories for Analytical Biology (L.A.B.) facilities of the National Museum of Natural History. Thanks to Tom Gilbert for funding the processing/sequencing of AL3194, John Ososky for specimen handling assistance, and Ludovic Orlando and Sierra Harding for providing helpful comments on the manuscript.
dc.description.abstractAncestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired “woolly” dogs that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool-weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. Here, we analyze genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt, “Mutton”, collected in 1859. Mutton is the only known example of an Indigenous North American dog with dominant pre-colonial ancestry postdating the onset of settler colonialism. We identify candidate genetic variants potentially linked with their unique woolly phenotype. We integrate these data with interviews from Coast Salish Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and weavers about shared traditional knowledge and memories surrounding woolly dogs, their importance within Coast Salish societies, and how colonial policies led directly to their disappearance.
dc.description.reviewstatusReviewed
dc.description.scholarlevelFaculty
dc.description.sponsorshipResearch was supported by SI funds to LK. ATL, H-LL, and CS were supported by Smithsonian postdoctoral fellowships. Funding for stable isotope analysis provided by Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute federal and trust funds. PS was supported by EMBO, the Vallee Foundation, the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), the Wellcome Trust (217223/Z/19/Z), and Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust. VG was supported by an SSHRC-IG.
dc.identifier.citationLin, A. T., Hammond-Kaarremaa, L., Liu, H-L., Stantis, C., McKechnie, I., Pavel, M., … Kistler, L. (2023). The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous knowledge. Science, 382(6676), 1303-1308. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi6549
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi6549
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1828/16268
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherScience
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Anthropology
dc.titleThe history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous knowledge
dc.typePostprint

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