Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses on Dry Surfaces: Potential for Indirect Transmission

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dc.contributor.authorBueckert, Max
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rishi
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Aditi
dc.contributor.authorGarg, Mohit
dc.contributor.authorMazumder, Asit
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-05T23:49:46Z
dc.date.available2021-02-05T23:49:46Z
dc.date.copyright2020en_US
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThe unwavering spread of COVID-19 has taken the world by storm. Preventive measures like social distancing and mask usage have been taken all around the globe but still, as of September 2020, the number of cases continues to rise in many countries. Evidently, these measures are insu cient. Although decreases in population density and surges in the public’s usage of personal protective equipment can mitigate direct transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), indirect transmission of the virus is still probable. By summarizing the current state of knowledge on the stability of coronaviruses on dry materials, this review uncovers the high potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through contaminated surfaces (i.e., fomites) and prompts future research. Fully contextualized data on coronavirus persistence are presented. The methods and limitations to testing the stability of coronaviruses are explored, and the SARS-CoV-2 representativeness of di erent coronaviruses is analyzed. The factors which dictate the persistence of coronaviruses on surfaces (media, environmental conditions, and material-type) are investigated, and the review is concluded by encouraging material innovation to combat the current pandemic. To summarize, SARS-CoV-2 remains viable on the timescale of days on hard surfaces under ambient indoor conditions. Similarly, the virus is stable on human skin, signifying the necessity of hand hygiene amidst the current pandemic. There is an inverse relationship between SARS-CoV-2 surface persistence and temperature/humidity, and the virus is well suited to air-conditioned environments (room temperature, ~ 40% relative humidity). Sunlight may rapidly inactivate the virus, suggesting that indirect transmission predominantly occurs indoors. The development of antiviral materials and surface coatings would be an extremely e ective method to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. To obtain applicable data on the persistence of coronaviruses and the e ciency of virucidal materials, future researchers should understand the common experimental limitations outlined in this review and plan their studies accordingly.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was partially funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Alliance COVID-19 grant (Grant number ALLRP 550218—20).en_US
dc.identifier.citationBueckert, M., Gupta, R., Gupta, A., Garg, M., & Mazumder, A. (2020). Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses on Dry Surfaces: Potential for Indirect Transmission. Materials, 13(22), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225211.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225211
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/12658
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMaterialsen_US
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectcoronavirus
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjecttransmission
dc.subjectfomites
dc.subjectcontaminated surfaces
dc.subjectpersistence
dc.subjectstability
dc.subjectsurvival
dc.subjectdisinfection
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Civil Engineering
dc.subject.departmentUniversity of Victoria Libraries
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Biology
dc.titleInfectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses on Dry Surfaces: Potential for Indirect Transmissionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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