High level efficacy of lufenuron against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) linked to rapid impact on moulting processes

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dc.contributor.authorPoley, Jordan D.
dc.contributor.authorBraden, Laura M.
dc.contributor.authorMessmer, Amber M.
dc.contributor.authorIgboeli, Okechukwu O.
dc.contributor.authorWhyte, Shona K.
dc.contributor.authorMacdonald, Alicia
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, Jose
dc.contributor.authorGameiro, Marta
dc.contributor.authorRufener, Lucien
dc.contributor.authorBouvier, Jacques
dc.contributor.authorWadowska, Dorota W.
dc.contributor.authorKoop, Ben F.
dc.contributor.authorHosking, Barry C.
dc.contributor.authorFast, Mark D.
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-30T23:24:05Z
dc.date.available2018-10-30T23:24:05Z
dc.date.copyright2018en_US
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractDrug resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a global issue for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Multiple resistance has been described across most available compound classes with the exception of the benzoylureas. To target this gap in effective management of L. salmonis and other species of sea lice (e.g. Caligus spp.), Elanco Animal Health is developing an in-feed treatment containing lufenuron (a benzoylurea) to be administered prior to seawater transfer of salmon smolts and to provide long-term protection of salmon against sea lice infestations. Benzoylureas disrupt chitin synthesis, formation, and deposition during all moulting events. However, the mechanism(s) of action are not yet fully understood and most research completed to date has focused on insects. We exposed the first parasitic stage of L. salmonis to 700 ppb lufenuron for three hours and observed over 90% reduction in survival to the chalimus II life stage on the host, as compared to vehicle controls. This agrees with a follow up in vivo administration study on the host, which showed >95% reduction by the chalimus I stage. Transcriptomic responses of salmon lice exposed to lufenuron included genes related to moulting, epithelial differentiation, solute transport, and general developmental processes. Global metabolite profiles also suggest that membrane stability and fluidity is impacted in treated lice. These molecular signals are likely the underpinnings of an abnormal moulting process and cuticle formation observed ultrastructurally using transmission electron microscopy. Treated nauplii-staged lice exhibited multiple abnormalities in the integument, suggesting that the coordinated assembly of the epi- and procuticle is impaired. In all cases, treatment with lufenuron had rapid impacts on L. salmonis development. We describe multiple experiments to characterize the efficacy of lufenuron on eggs, larvae, and parasitic stages of L. salmonis, and provide the most comprehensive assessment of the physiological responses of a marine arthropod to a benzoylurea chemical.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded by Elanco Fish Health Research Chair; NSERC Discovery (402288-12); Canada Excellence Research Chair in Aquatic Epidemiology program at UPEI (214602); ACOA-AIF TREAT2 (199308); Innovation PEI – Development and Commercialization grant DCFG (210205-70). JDP was supported by an NSERC PGS3. The authors would like to thank the staff at Huntsman Marine Science Centre (Chris Bridger), and Cooke Aquaculture (Leighanne Hawkins, Keng Pee Ang) for aiding in site access, lice collection and culture. Also, thanks to the aquatics staff at the Atlantic Veterinary College for help with fish husbandry and lice infections.en_US
dc.identifier.citationPoley, J.D., Braden, L.M., Messmer, A.M., Igboeli, O.O., Whyte, S.K., Macdonald, A. & Fast, M.D. (2018). High level efficacy of lufenuron against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) linked to rapid impact on moulting processes. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance, (8)2, 174-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.007en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.007
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/10209
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInternational Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistanceen_US
dc.subjectSea lice
dc.subjectAquaculture
dc.subjectBenzoylurea
dc.subjectMoulting
dc.subjectTranscriptomics
dc.subjectLufenuron
dc.subjectCentre for Biomedical Research
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Biology
dc.titleHigh level efficacy of lufenuron against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) linked to rapid impact on moulting processesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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