Microglial functional alteration and increased diversity in the challenged brain: Insights into novel targets for intervention

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dc.contributor.authorTremblay, Marie-Ève
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-20T15:54:57Z
dc.date.available2024-03-20T15:54:57Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionI acknowledge and respect that the University of Victoria is located on the territory of the Lekwungen peoples and that the Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEÆ peoples have relationships to this land. I am also particularly grateful to Micaël Carrier for revising the manuscript and preparing the figure.
dc.description.abstractMicroglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, which perform beneficial physiological roles across life. These immune cells actively maintain CNS health by clearing toxic debris and removing dysfunctional or degenerating cells. They also modify the wiring of neuronal circuits, by acting on the formation, modification, and elimination of synapses-the connections between neurons. Microglia furthermore recently emerged as highly diverse cells comprising several structural and functional states, indicating a far more critical involvement in orchestrating brain development, plasticity, behaviour, and cognition. Various environmental factors, together with the individual genetic predispositions, confer an increased risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases that include autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, across life. Microglia are highly sensitive to chronic psychological stress, inadequate diet, viral/bacterial infection, pollution, and insufficient or altered sleep, especially during critical developmental periods, but also throughout life. These environmental challenges can compromise microglial physiological functions, resulting notably in defective neuronal circuit wiring, altered brain functional connectivity, and the onset of behavioral deficits into adolescence, adulthood, and aging. This short review provides a historical and technical perspective, notably focused on my contribution to the field, on how environmental challenges affect microglia, particularly their physiological functions, and increase their diversity, which provides novel targets for intervention.
dc.description.reviewstatusReviewed
dc.description.scholarlevelFaculty
dc.description.sponsorshipM.E.T. is a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Neurobiology of Aging and Cognition.
dc.identifier.citationTremblay, M-È. (2021). Microglial functional alteration and increased diversity in the challenged brain: Insights into novel targets for intervention. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, 16, 100301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100301
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100301
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1828/16231
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
dc.subjectmicroglia
dc.subjectpsychological roles
dc.subjectdiversity
dc.subjectchronic stress
dc.subjectdiet
dc.subjectsleep
dc.subjectinfection
dc.subjectneurodevelopmental disorders
dc.subjectneuropsychiatric disorders
dc.subjectneuordegenerative diseases
dc.subject.departmentDivision of Medical Sciences
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Medical Sciences
dc.titleMicroglial functional alteration and increased diversity in the challenged brain: Insights into novel targets for intervention
dc.typeArticle

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We acknowledge and respect the Lək̓ʷəŋən (Songhees and Esquimalt) Peoples on whose territory the university stands, and the Lək̓ʷəŋən and W̱SÁNEĆ Peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day.