A realist review of how community-based drug checking services could be designed and implemented to promote engagement of people who use drugs

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dc.contributor.authorMasterton, Wendy
dc.contributor.authorFalzon, Danilo
dc.contributor.authorBurton, Gillian
dc.contributor.authorCarver, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorWallace, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorAston, Elizabeth V.
dc.contributor.authorSumnall, Harry
dc.contributor.authorMeasham, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorGittins, Rosalind
dc.contributor.authorCraik, Vicki
dc.contributor.authorSchofield, Joe
dc.contributor.authorLittle, Simon
dc.contributor.authorParkes, Tessa
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-02T22:03:08Z
dc.date.available2024-02-02T22:03:08Z
dc.date.copyright2022en_US
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractWith rising numbers of drug-related deaths in the UK and globally, exploration of interventions that seek to reduce drug-related harm is essential. Drug checking services (DCS) allow people to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and receive feedback about the sample, as well as harm reduction advice. The use of DCS is often linked to festival and/or nightlife settings and to so-called ‘recreational’ drug use, but research has also shown the potential of community-based DCS as an intervention serving more varied demographics of people who use drugs, including more marginalised individuals and those experiencing drug dependence. Whilst there is a growing evidence base on the effectiveness of drug checking as a harm reduction intervention, there is still limited evidence of the underlying mechanisms and processes within DCS which may aid implementation and subsequent engagement of people who use drugs. This presents a challenge to understanding why engagement differs across types of DCS, and how best to develop and deliver services across different contexts and for different populations. To explore the contexts and mechanisms which impact engagement in community-based DCS, a realist review was undertaken to synthesise the international evidence for the delivery and implementation of DCS. There were 133 sources included in the review. From these sources the underlying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes relating to DCS implementation and engagement were developed and refined into seven programme theories. The findings of this review are theoretically novel and hold practical relevance for the design of DCS, with implications for optimisation, tailoring, and implementing services to reach individuals in different settings.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by Drug Deaths Taskforce/Corra Foundation, grant number 20/5304.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMasterton, W., Falzon, D., Burton, G., Carver, H., Wallace, B., Aston, E., Sumnall, H., Measham, F., Gittins, R., Craik, V., Schofield, J., Little, S., & Parkes, T. (2022). A realist review of how community-based drug checking services could be designed and implemented to promote engagement of people who use drugs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911960en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911960
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/15926
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthen_US
dc.subjectdrug checkingen_US
dc.subjectharm reductionen_US
dc.subjectsubstance useen_US
dc.subjectdrug interventionen_US
dc.titleA realist review of how community-based drug checking services could be designed and implemented to promote engagement of people who use drugsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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