The application of non-oxidizing biocides to prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis polyamide membrane systems: A review

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dc.contributor.authorDa-Silva-Correa, Luiz H.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Hayley
dc.contributor.authorThibodeau, Matthew C.
dc.contributor.authorWelsh, Bethany
dc.contributor.authorBuckley, Heather L.
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T23:49:35Z
dc.date.available2024-01-24T23:49:35Z
dc.date.copyright2022en_US
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionThis work was accomplished at the Civil Engineering Department, Green Safe Water Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.en_US
dc.description.abstractBiofouling of polyamide membranes is one of the main barriers faced by reverse osmosis (RO) technologies to supply fresh water. Currently, biofouling is addressed by feed water pretreatment using chlorine, followed by membrane cleaning. Chlorine damages polyamide membranes and also generates harmful disinfection byproducts. Thus, safer strategies are needed to prevent biofouling in polyamide membrane systems. This review investigates the applicability of the following non-oxidizing biocides in preventing and controlling biofouling in RO systems, including their antimicrobial efficiency, hazard levels, membrane compatibility, and applicability to drinking water treatment: (1) 2,2-dibromo-3 nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA); (2) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT); (3) sodium bisulfite (SBS), (4) phenoxyethanol (PE), (5) sodium benzoate (SB). According to this review, MIT and DBNPA present most of the features attributed to an ideal anti-biofouling chemical but also are the most hazardous biocides. Due to safety and efficacy, none of the five chemicals were determined to be the final solution to address membrane biofouling. However, alternative RO biocide research is in early development and requires further investigation via biofouling prevention studies. Therefore, future research efforts on the investigation of economic, eco-friendly, and safe antifouling agents to prevent and treat biofouling in RO systems are paramount to promote sustainable water supply in water-stressed countries.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by Electricity HR, NSERC USRA, NSERC Discovery, CEWIL, and University of Victoria.en_US
dc.identifier.citationDa-Silva-Correa, L. H., Smith, H., Thibodeau, M. C., Welsh, B., & Buckley, H. L. (2022). The application of non-oxidizing biocides to prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis polyamide membrane systems: A review. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(2), 261-292. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.118en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.118
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/15878
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Societyen_US
dc.subjectbiocides
dc.subjectbiofouling prevention
dc.subjectefficacy
dc.subjectpolyamide membranes
dc.subjectreverse osmosis
dc.subjectreverse osmosis
dc.subjectsafety
dc.subjectwater treatment
dc.subjectCentre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)
dc.subjectInstitute for Integrated Energy Systems (IESVic)
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Civil Engineering
dc.titleThe application of non-oxidizing biocides to prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis polyamide membrane systems: A reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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