Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon

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dc.contributor.authorVon Schalburg, Kristian Robert
dc.contributor.authorYasuike, Motoshige
dc.contributor.authorYazawa, Ryosuke
dc.contributor.authorDe Boer, Johan G.
dc.contributor.authorReid, Linda
dc.contributor.authorSo, Stacy
dc.contributor.authorRobb, Adrienne
dc.contributor.authorRondeau, Eric B.
dc.contributor.authorPhillips, Ruth B.
dc.contributor.authorDavidson, William S.
dc.contributor.authorKoop, Benjamin F.
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-16T20:10:05Z
dc.date.available2014-05-16T20:10:05Z
dc.date.copyright2011en_US
dc.date.issued2011-01-13
dc.descriptionBioMed Centralen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground The products of cyp19, dax, foxl2, mis, sf1 and sox9 have each been associated with sex-determining processes among vertebrates. We provide evidence for expression of these regulators very early in salmonid development and in tissues outside of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal (HPAG) axis. Although the function of these factors in sexual differentiation have been defined, their roles in early development before sexual fate decisions and in tissues beyond the brain or gonad are essentially unknown. Results Bacterial artificial chromosomes containing salmon dax1 and dax2, foxl2b and mis were isolated and the regulatory regions that control their expression were characterized. Transposon integrations are implicated in the shaping of the dax and foxl2 loci. Splice variants for cyp19b1 and mis in both embryonic and adult tissues were detected and characterized. We found that cyp19b1 transcripts are generated that contain 5'-untranslated regions of different lengths due to cryptic splicing of the 3'-end of intron 1. We also demonstrate that salmon mis transcripts can encode prodomain products that present different C-termini and terminate before translation of the MIS hormone. Regulatory differences in the expression of two distinct aromatases cyp19a and cyp19b1 are exerted, despite transcription of their transactivators (ie; dax1, foxl2, sf1) occurring much earlier during embryonic development. Conclusions We report the embryonic and extragonadal expression of dax, foxl2, mis and other differentiation factors that indicate that they have functions that are more general and not restricted to steroidogenesis and gonadogenesis. Spliced cyp19b1 and mis transcripts are generated that may provide regulatory controls for tissue- or development-specific activities. Selection of cyp19b1 transcripts may be regulated by DAX-1, FOXL2 and SF-1 complexes that bind motifs in intron 1, or by signals within exon 2 that recruit splicing factors, or both. The potential translation of proteins bearing only the N-terminal MIS prodomain may modulate the functions of other TGF β family members in different tissues. The expression patterns of dax1 early in salmon embryogenesis implicate its role as a lineage determination factor. Other roles for these factors during embryogenesis and outside the HPAG axis are discussed.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by Genome Canada, Genome BC and the Province of BC, and additionally by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadaen_US
dc.identifier.citationvon Schalburg et al.: Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon. BMC Genomics 2011 12:31.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/31
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/5410
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_US
dc.subjectCentre for Biomedical Research
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Biology
dc.titleRegulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmonen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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