Balancing clean water-climate change mitigation trade-offs

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dc.contributor.authorParkinson, Simon
dc.contributor.authorKrey, Volker
dc.contributor.authorHuppmann, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorKahil, Taher
dc.contributor.authorMcCollum, David
dc.contributor.authorFricko, Oliver
dc.contributor.authorByers, Edward
dc.contributor.authorGidden, Matthew J.
dc.contributor.authorMayor, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Zarrar
dc.contributor.authorRaptis, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorRao, Narasimha D.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Nils
dc.contributor.authorWada, Yoshihide
dc.contributor.authorDjilali, Ned
dc.contributor.authorRiahi, Keywan
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-21T18:07:20Z
dc.date.available2019-04-21T18:07:20Z
dc.date.copyright2019en_US
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractEnergy systems support technical solutions fulfilling the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal for clean water and sanitation (SDG6), with implications for future energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. The energy sector is also a large consumer of water, making water efficiency targets ingrained in SDG6 important constraints for long-term energy planning. Here, we apply a global integrated assessment model to quantify the cost and characteristics of infrastructure pathways balancing SDG6 targets for water access, scarcity, treatment and efficiency with long-term energy transformations limiting climate warming to 1.5 °C. Under a mid-range human development scenario, we find that approximately 1 trillion USD2010 per year is required to close water infrastructure gaps and operate water systems consistent with achieving SDG6 goals by 2030. Adding a 1.5 °C climate policy constraint increases these costs by up to 8%. In the reverse direction, when the SDG6 targets are added on top of the 1.5 °C policy constraint, the cost to transform and operate energy systems increases 2%–9% relative to a baseline 1.5 °C scenario that does not achieve the SDG6 targets by 2030. Cost increases in the SDG6 pathways are due to expanded use of energy-intensive water treatment and costs associated with water conservation measures in power generation, municipal, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. Combined global spending (capital and operational expenditures) to 2030 on water, energy and land systems increases 92%–125% in the integrated SDG6-1.5 °C scenarios relative to a baseline 'no policy' scenario. Evaluation of the multi-sectoral policies underscores the importance of water conservation and integrated water–energy planning for avoiding costs from interacting water, energy and climate goals.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for funding the development of this research as part of the Integrated Solutions for Water, Energy, and Land (ISWEL) project (GEF Contract Agreement: 6993), and the support of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). The research has also been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 642147 (CD-LINKS), the University of Victoria, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.en_US
dc.identifier.citationParkinson, S., Krey, V., Huppmann, D., Kahil, T., McCollum, Fricko, O.,… Riahi, K. (2019). Balancing clean water-climate change mitigation trade-offs. Environmental Research Letters, (14)1, 014009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2a3en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2a3
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/10721
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherEnvironmental Research Lettersen_US
dc.subjectwater–energy nexus
dc.subjectSustainable Development Goals
dc.subjectParis Agreement
dc.subjectintegrated assessment modeling
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
dc.titleBalancing clean water-climate change mitigation trade-offsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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