Two-layer bus-independent instruction set architecture for securing long protocol data units in automotive open system architecture-based automotive electronic control units
Date
2022
Authors
Hamed, Ahmed
El-Kharashi, M. Watheq
Salem, Ashraf
Safar, Mona
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Electronics
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a bus-independent hardware (HW)-based approach to secure long
protocol data units (PDUs) in Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR)-based automotive
electronic control units (ECUs). Our approach is based on extending previous works that implemented
two AUTOSAR communication (COM) application-specific instruction set processors (ASIPs). COM
ASIP V1 introduced two instructions to handle the transmission and reception of PDUs no larger
than 8 bytes and signals no larger than 32 bits individually through send signal and receive signal
instructions. COM ASIP V2 introduced two extra instructions to handle long signals and PDUs
of arbitrary lengths. We extended the instruction set architecture (ISA) of our previous ASIPs by
introducing six new instructions, in COM ASIP V3, to hash PDUs that contain these signals to
authenticate transmission and reception of such PDUs. The experimental results show that COM
ASIP V3 can handle (i.e., transmit, receive, calculate hash, or verify hash) a 64-byte controller area
network flexible data-rate (CAN FD) frame in 1.575 μs and a 254-byte FlexRay frame in 6.301 μs.
These measurements indicate that the throughput of our new COM ASIP is much higher, 42x to 75x,
than the throughput required by these communication buses.
Description
Keywords
automotive security, secure communication buses, authentic frame transmission in ECUs, AUTOSAR communication ASIP, hardware security module, GCM authentication encryption
Citation
Hamed, A., El-Kharashi, M., Salem, A., & Safar, M. (2022). “Two-layer busindependent instruction set architecture for securing long protocol data units in automotive open system architecture-based automotive electronic control units.” Electronics, 11(6), 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060952