The 2019–2020 Khalili (Iran) Earthquake Sequence—Anthropogenic Seismicity in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt?

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dc.contributor.authorJamalreyhani, Mohammadreza
dc.contributor.authorPousse-Beltran, Léa
dc.contributor.authorBüyükakpınar, Pınar
dc.contributor.authorCesca, Simone
dc.contributor.authorNissen, Edwin
dc.contributor.authorGhods, Abdolreza
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Comino, José Ángel
dc.contributor.authorRezapour, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorNajafi, Mahdi
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-16T22:22:28Z
dc.date.available2022-03-16T22:22:28Z
dc.date.copyright2021en_US
dc.date.issued2021-12
dc.description. We are thankful to Gudrun Richter, Christian Heberland, Sebastian Hainzl, Torsten Dahm, and Mir Ali Hassanzadeh for constructive comments on this work. M. Jamalreyhani and P. Büyükakpınar are very grateful to Claus Milkereit and Dorina Kroll for supporting them, during their visit to the GFZ Potsdam. Furthermore, we are grateful to Editor Rachel Abercrombie, the associate editor, and four anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped us to improve the manuscript.en_US
dc.description.abstractWe investigate the origin of a long-lived earthquake cluster in the Fars arc of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt that is colocated with the major Shanul natural gas field. The cluster emerged in January 2019 and initially comprised small events of Mn ∼ 3–4. It culminated on 9 June 2020 with a pair of Mw 5.4 and 5.7 earthquakes, which was followed by >100 aftershocks. We assess the spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquake sequence using multiple event hypocenter relocations, waveform inversions, and Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and models. We find that the early part of the sequence is spatially distinct from the 9 June 2020 earthquakes and their aftershocks. Moment tensors, centroid depths, and source parameter uncertainties of 15 of the largest (Mn ≥ 4.0) events show that the sequence is dominated by reverse faulting at shallow depths (mostly ≤4 km) within the sedimentary cover. InSAR modeling shows that the Mw 5.7 mainshock occurred at depths of 2–8 km with a rupture length and maximum slip of ∼20 km and ∼0.5 m, respectively. Our results suggest that the 2019–2020 Khalili earthquake sequence was likely influenced by operation of the Shanul field, though elevated natural seismicity in the Zagros makes the association difficult to prove. Understanding how to distinguish man-made from natural seismicity is helpful for hazard and risk assessment, notably in the Zagros, which is both seismically active and rich in oil and gas reserves.en_US
dc.description.reviewstatusRevieweden_US
dc.description.scholarlevelFacultyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipGFZ international training course Seismology and seismic hazard assessment. Grant Number: S08-60 321.50 ALL 03/19 Iran National Science Foundation (INSF). Grant Number: 97013349 Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CRSNG). Grant Number: 2017-04029 ED European union horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Curie grant. Grant Number: 754446 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Grant Number: 407141557 Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation Universidad de Granadaen_US
dc.identifier.citationJamalreyhani, M., Pousse-Beltran, L., Büyükakpınar, P., Cesca, S., Nissen, E., et al. (2021). The 2019–2020 Khalili (Iran) earthquake sequence—anthropogenic seismicity in the Zagros simply folded belt? Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022797en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022797
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1828/13803
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Geophysical Research: solid Earthen_US
dc.subjectZagros
dc.subjectanthropogenic earthquakes
dc.subjectShanul gas field
dc.subjectgas extraction
dc.subjectInSAR
dc.subjectKhalili earthquakes
dc.subject.departmentDepartment of Earth and Ocean Sciences
dc.subject.departmentSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences
dc.titleThe 2019–2020 Khalili (Iran) Earthquake Sequence—Anthropogenic Seismicity in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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