A comparison of 4th and 5th generation thermal networks with energy hub
Date
2025
Authors
Lédée, François
Evins, Ralph
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Energy
Abstract
State-of-the-art thermal networks are key to address decarbonization of the heating and cooling in buildings. Energy Hub considers synergy between elements and allows rapid comparison between district energy systems incorporating 4th generation (4G) and 5th generation (5G) thermal networks at early-stage designs. To better understand and quantify the differences between systems based on 4G and 5G, a mixed-integer linear model distinguishing specific features of both technologies is implemented. We find systems relying on 5G to perform environmentally and financially better than with 4G generation over a wide set of scenarios. This is due to the warm/cold coupling characterizing 5G technologies. Systems based on 5G can also reduce its carbon emissions more than those with 4G. However, performances with both technologies appear sensitive to the topology and location of central energy station.
Description
Keywords
Energy in Cities, Institute for Integrated Energy Systems (IESVic), district thermal network, comparison, heating & cooling, energy hub, linear programming
Citation
Lédée, F. Evins, R. (2024) A comparison of 4th and 5th generation thermal networks with energy hub. Energy (311). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133336