Browsing by Author "Krawchenko, Tamara"
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Item Barriers and enablers to the adoption of buildings and energy efficiency initiatives in Greater Victoria(IESVic Energy Briefs, 2024) Masemann, Charlotte; Krawchenko, Tamara; Rhodes, EkaterinaKey messages: - Focus group participants identify funding from provincial and federal governments as adequate and as enabling alongside staffing interactions. - Staffing resources, the legislative, regulatory and political environment alongside governance and information and data management were identified as both barriers and enables. - Political will and information exchange enable existing climate action, but municipalities lack of autonomy over the most effective policy instruments.Item Bringing Municipalities into Rural Community and Economic Development: Cases from Atlantic Canada(Journal of Rural and Community Development, 2014) Krawchenko, TamaraIn rural development literature, subsidiarity and the merits of local community participation are increasingly extolled. Targeted, nationally-derived sectoral (e.g., agricultural) policies and subsidies are increasingly rejected for a more inclusive, place-based, partnership-driven, community-led, and investment-oriented approach to rural development. This shift can be seen across OECD countries and has been lauded by the organization as ‘a new paradigm for rural development.’ As such, rural development is conceptualized as a process that emanates from the local level, involving a variety of stakeholders in decision making, such that policy development is viewed as more participatory, reflective of and responsive to community needs. Given this, what role (and capacity) might there be for municipalities to meaningfully engage in rural development activities? This paper examines this question through a case study of two rural Atlantic Canadian communities. In doing so, it finds that these two rural municipalities are institutionally constrained from engaging in rural development initiatives and that provincial and federal funders are focused on economic, rather than community, development. It is argued that municipal capacity needs to be greatly enhanced through institutionalized mechanisms in order for them to become meaningful partners in the development process.Item A Framework for Modern Rural Policy in Poland – Dialogue with the Research Community(Wieś i Rolnictwo, 2018) Krawchenko, TamaraRural development in Poland has excelled at a rapid pace since EU accession. Much has been achieved. Going forward, rural policies will need to maintain this momentum, address some of the most intractable policy problems, such as persistent pockets of poverty, and ensure that growth and prosperity is experienced in all regions. Poland’s research community has and should continue to play a pivotal role in addressing these issues. This article follows on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) 2018 Rural Policy Review of Poland. It provides a brief summary of the main findings of this study and the conceptual framework which guided it and proposes four main lessons (and challenges) for research community.Item Front-liners on the sidelines: The credential recognition experiences of Filipino internationally educated nurses(Canadian Public Administration) Leonida, Micah; Krawchenko, Tamara; Clark, NancyCommunities across Canada face a shortage of medically trained professionals, the majority of which are nurses, as domestic supply has not kept pace with increasing demand for services. Alongside rising inflation, housing costs, and living expenses, persistent educational and accreditation inequities have created barriers and challenging contexts for internationally educated nurses (IENs) who aim to settle, integrate, and complete professional recertification processes to become registered nurses. This study explores the lived experiences of educational and accreditation factors from the perspective of fifteen recently migrated Filipino IENs in Victoria, British Columbia. Findings suggest that Filipino IENs experience financial and time barriers and deskilling which are part of an overarching theme of their credential recognition experience. The study offers policy recommendations for more equitable recertification pathways including provision of accessible information support pre- and post-arrival and increased collaboration between clinical practice programsItem Front‐liners on the sidelines: The credential recognition experiences of Filipino internationally educated nurses(Canadian Public Administration, 2025) Leonida, Micah; Krawchenko, Tamara; Clark, NancyCommunities across Canada face a shortage of medically trained professionals, the majority of which are nurses, as domestic supply has not kept pace with increasing demand for services. Alongside rising inflation, housing costs, and living expenses, persistent educational and accreditation inequities have created barriers and challenging contexts for internationally educated nurses (IENs) who aim to settle, integrate, and complete professional recertification processes to become registered nurses. This study explores the lived experiences of educational and accreditation factors from the perspective of fifteen recently migrated Filipino IENs in Victoria, British Columbia. Findings suggest that Filipino IENs experience financial and time barriers and deskilling which are part of an overarching theme of their credential recognition experience. The study offers policy recommendations for more equitable recertification pathways including provision of accessible information support pre‐ and post‐arrival and increased collaboration between clinical practice programs. Les communautés du Canada sont confrontées à une pénurie de professionnels formés à la médecine, dont la majorité sont des infirmières, car l'offre nationale n'a pas suivi le rythme de la demande croissante de services. Outre la hausse de l'inflation, du coût du logement et des frais de subsistance, les inégalités persistantes en matière d'éducation et d'accréditation ont créé des obstacles et des contextes difficiles pour les infirmières formées à l'étranger (IFE) qui cherchent à s'installer, à s'intégrer et à compléter les processus de re certification professionnelle pour devenir des infirmières autorisées. Cette étude explore les expériences vécues des facteurs liés à l'éducation et à l'accréditation du point de vue de quinze IEN philippins ayant récemment émigré à Victoria, en Colombie‐Britannique. Les résultats suggèrent que les IEN philippins font face à des obstacles financiers et temporels et à une déqualification qui font partie d'un thème général de leur expérience de reconnaissance des titres de compétences. L'étude propose des recommandations de politiques pour des voies de re certification plus équitables, y compris la fourniture d'un soutien d'information accessible avant et après l'arrivée et une collaboration accrue entre les programmes de pratique clinique.Item Governing large complex city-regions: The adoption of regional special purpose bodies for transportation and transit governance(Urbana: Urban Affairs & Public Policy, 2015) Krawchenko, TamaraContinued patterns of urbanization are leading to ever larger and more complex urban regions. Regional institutions have arisen as a governance solution to address the problems of coordination across large, jurisdictionally fragmented urban regions. Regional special purpose bodies (RSPBs) are one such regional institutional arrangement. This paper examines this institutional phenomenon with a particular focus on transportation and transit bodies. It describes the extent of their adoption across Western Europe and North America and contrasts their development in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom.Item How Do We Manage a Just Transition? A Comparative Review of National and Regional Just Transition Initiatives(Sustainability, 2021) Krawchenko, Tamara; Gordon, MeganThe concept of a ‘just transition’ encompasses political and policy imperatives to minimize the harmful impacts of industrial and economic transitions on workers, communities, and society more generally, and to maximize their potential benefits. This imperative has gained heightened importance as governments commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A wide range of policies, strategies and initiatives have been adopted by national and regional governments to facilitate and help manage a just transition. It is a concept that is increasingly being put into practice. This scoping study identifies and compares strategies, policies, and practices that are presently being implemented in order to manage a just transition across 25 countries and 74 regions alongside European Unionlevel policies. This work develops a typology of policy instruments to manage just transitions and identifies implementation gaps and leading practices.Item Just transitions for oil and gas regions and the role of regional development policies(Energies, 2022) Krawchenko, Tamara; Gordon, MeganThe oil and gas industry is a major economic driver in many regions and countries, providing workers with well-paid jobs and spurring investments and economic growth. The need to transition these industries in order to meet climate commitments presents a major challenge. How can the costs and risks to workers and communities of the transition be mitigated? How can stakeholders be included in decisions that impact them? How do transitions impact the broader economy of these regions and what are they transitioning to? Importantly, how can regional development policies support this process? This comparative policy review explores just transition management in three oil and gas dependent regions that have signified the need to transition away from the oil and gas sector, i.e., Taranaki (New Zealand), the northeast of Scotland, and the Jutland peninsula in southwest Denmark, drawing out key lessons and leading practices. These cases are positioned within an empirically grounded, conceptual framework of national and regional just transition policies.Item Participatory system mapping for food systems: Lessons learned from a case study of Comox Valley, Canada(Challenges, 2024) Ghadiri, Mohaddese; Newell, Robert; Krawchenko, TamaraFood systems are complex and multifaceted, comprising a diverse range of actors, processes, and interactions. Participatory system mapping can be employed to help understand this complexity and support the development of sustainable and resilient food systems. This article shares a participatory mapping approach that has been developed as part of the Climate–Biodiversity–Health (CBH) Nexus project in the Comox Valley, British Columbia, Canada. This research pursues two main aims: (1) to ground truth in the CBH system map of food systems, developed with the participation of stakeholders; and (2) to explain how participatory system mapping can be employed to clarify the complexity of food systems in a clear and concise manner for all stakeholders. This research contributes to the literature on participatory system mapping, including critiques of its practical utility, by employing participatory approaches to visualize multi-dimensional and multi-level system maps with an emphasis on verifying that they are clear, understandable/useful, and reliable for diverse stakeholder audiences.Item Public Private Partnerships and the Public Interest: A Case Study of Ottawa’s Lansdowne Park Development(Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, 2011) Krawchenko, Tamara; Stoney, ChristopherPublic private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly advocated as beneficial for the delivery of public services, facilities, and infrastructure for municipal governments. However, such partnerships often raise serious concerns about transparency and accountability. While municipal governments across Canada have tried to increase public participation in local affairs, PPPs can impede such efforts. This article presents a case study of the Lansdowne Park PPP redevelopment in the City of Ottawa. We focus on how transparency and citizen engagement have been compromised and circumvented and link to broader issues of how to balance the privileged status of business and the demands for commercial confidentiality with the public interest, transparency, and citizen engagement in projects that use PPPs. The article concludes by arguing that some projects and some conditions can render the use of PPPs inappropriate and counterproductive in terms of both effectiveness and the basic principles of good governance.Item Scaling up local climate action: A survey of climate policy priorities in the Vancouver Island and Coastal Communities region(Canadian Planning and Policy Journal, 2021) Rhodes, Ekaterina; Krawchenko, Tamara; Pearce, Katherine; Shaw, KarenaRegional planning can help functionally-connected communities share expertise and the costs of climate action and amplify collective concerns and needs to upper-level governments. Understanding communities’ climate impacts, policies and barriers to action is foundational to the development of regional-scale climate planning. In support of a nascent climate strategy in the Vancouver Island and Coastal Communities region of British Columbia, our study employs a web-based survey of local government officials (n=106) to identify the existing climate impacts, policy priorities, barriers, and opportunities that guide climate policy-making in the region, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that nearly all communities have experienced climate-related impacts and have implemented a variety of climate policies. However, local governments face substantial barriers—including a lack of financial resources, authority and staffing capacity—to pursue climate action and planning.Item The governance of new industrial strategy: An inclusive and green agenda for economic transformation(2026) Krawchenko, Tamara; McCann, Philip; Arcand, Bruno; Hsu, Ming-WeiThe global political economy is in a period of profound disruption. Geopolitical rivalry, climate urgency, the rise of artificial intelligence and clean energy, and recent trade disruptions, most acutely from the United States, have together produced a rapid and widespread return to deliberate industrial policy. Liberal market economies such as Canada and the United Kingdom, long resistant to explicit state-led economic strategy, are now developing industrial strategies at an unprecedented pace and scale. Yet it remains unclear whether this surge of activity constitutes a genuine shift in how states govern economic transformation, or whether it represents the recycling of older, reactive patterns of intervention dressed in new language. This question (the animating concern of this study) carries immediate practical significance: the design and governance architecture of industrial strategies shape whether public investment catalyses structural change or merely subsidises the status quo. Our study set out to systematically examine how industrial strategy is being designed and governed across Canada and the United Kingdom. We have explored the state of the academic and policy literature on industrial strategy; developed an analytical framework for evaluating how industrial strategies are structured across dimensions of vision, policy instruments, governance, social justice, and place; and applied that framework comparatively across national, provincial, territorial, and devolved strategies in both countries, identifying leading practices, persistent weaknesses, and priority directions for future research in the process.Item The Index of Economic Disparity: Measuring trends in economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions and rural and urban communities(Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes, 2023) Weaver, David; Krawchenko, Tamara; Markey, SeanTerritorial inequalities have long been a subject of study and concern in Canada. In the face of large structural changes such as industrial shifts and the decarbonization of our economies, there is an urgency to understand such inequalities and design effective policy interventions for those places facing persistent economic decline. This paper shares a novel composite index that measures economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions (CSDs) using Census data from 2001 through 2016 and the 2011 National Household Survey. Named the “Index of Economic Disparity,” it is comprised of an equally weighted average of four sub-indices that assign percentile rankings for all CSDs based on whether they experience persistent and substantial decline in key economic areas: population, labour force outcomes, working-age share of population, and industrial diversity. The variation of outcomes across geographies—urban and rural—highlights the importance of place-based policies.