Research Centres, Groups, Labs and Institutes

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A distributed model to expand the reach of drug checking
(Drugs Habits and Social Policy, 2022) Wallace, Bruce; Gozdzialski, Lea; Qbaich, Abdelhakim; Azam, Md. Shafiul; Burek, Piotr; Hutchison, Abby; Teal, Taylor; Louw, Rebecca; Kielty, Collin; Robinson, Derek; Moa, Belaid; Storey, Margaret-Anne; Gill, Chris; Hore, Dennis K.
Purpose – While there is increasing interest in implementing drug checking within overdose prevention, we must also consider how to scale-up these responses so that they have significant reach and impact for people navigating the unpredictable and increasingly complex drug supplies linked to overdose. The purpose of this paper is to present a distributed model of community drug checking that addresses multiple barriers to increasing the reach of drug checking as a response to the illicit drug overdose crisis. Design/methodology/approach – A detailed description of the key components of a distributed model of community drug checking is provided. This includes an integrated software platform that links a multi-instrument, multi-site service design with online service options, a foundational database that provides storage and reporting functions and a community of practice to facilitate engagement and capacity building. Findings – The distributed model diminishes the need for technicians at multiple sites while still providing point-of-care results with local harm reduction engagement and access to confirmatory testing online and in localized reporting. It also reduces the need for training in the technical components of drug checking (e.g. interpreting spectra) for harm reduction workers. Moreover, its real-time reporting capability keeps communities informed about the crisis. Sites are additionally supported by a community of practice. Originality/value – This paper presents innovations in drug checking technologies and service design that attempt to overcome current financial and technical barriers towards scaling-up services to a more equitable and impactful level and effectively linking multiple urban and rural communities to report concentration levels for substances most linked to overdose.
Beyond Remediation: The Role of Textual Studies in Implementing New Knowledge Environments*
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2012-03-26) Galey, Alan; Cunningham, Richard; Nelson, Brent; Siemens, Ray; Werstine, Paul
This article considers the role of textual studies in a digital world and reviews the work of a particular group of digital textual scholars. Specifically, the article examines the work of the Textual Studies team at the Implementing New Knowledge Environments project (INKE.ca), a group of digital textual scholars working on user experience, interface design, and information management with the goal of better understanding how reading is changing in the context of digital media. INKE’s work rethinks what the book can become and aims to generate prototypes to be shared on an open-source basis with the public.
Building A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript
(Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme, 2014) Crompton, Constance; Powell, Daniel; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray; Shirley, Maggie; Devonshire Manuscript Editorial Group
This article describes the context and development of A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, a collaboratively created Wikibook edition of the sixteenth-century verse miscellany known as the Devonshire Manuscript (BL MS Add. 17,492). This project began in 2001 when Dr. Ray Siemens led a group of researchers in an exploration of how to create a digital edition of the Devonshire Manuscript. Since then, the project has transitioned through many forms and formats, and A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript is the most recent output of these academic experiments. Of note, a print version of A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript is forthcoming from Iter and Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies (MRTS). Cet article retrace le contexte et le développement du projet A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, consistant en l’édition électronique (Wikibook) en collaboration d’un manuscrit du XVIe siècle de mélanges poétiques connu sous le nom de Devonshire Manuscript (BL MS Add. 17 492). Ce projet a été initié en 2001, lorsque le Dr Ray Siemens a dirigé un groupe de recherche explorant les possibilités de publier une édition numérique du Devonshire Manuscript. Depuis, le projet a pris plusieurs formes, et celui intitulé A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript en est sa forme la plus récente issues des diverses expériences du groupe. Il doit être souligné que A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, sera bientôt publié en version imprimée par Iter et les Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies (MRTS).
Codex Ultor: Toward a Conceptual and Theoretical Foundation for New Research on Books and Knowledge Environments
(Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Warwick, Claire; Cunningham, Richard; Dobson, Teresa; Galey, Alan; Ruecker, Stan; Schreibman, Susan; INKE Research Group
In this paper, we present the conceptual and theoretical foundations for work undertaken by the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE) research group, a large international, interdisciplinary research team studying reading and texts, both digital and printed. The INKE team is comprised of researchers and stakeholders at the forefronts of fields relating to textual studies, user experience, interface design, and information management. We aim to contribute to the development of new digital information and knowledge environments that build on past textual practices. In this piece, we discuss our research questions, methods, aims and research objectives, the rationale behind our work and its expected significance.
Codex Ultor: Vers des fondations conceptuelles et théoriques pour de nouvelles recherches sur les livres et les environnements documentaires
(Mémoires du livre/Studies in Book Culture, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Warwick, Claire; Cunningham, Richard; Dobson, Teresa; Galey, Alan; Ruecker, Stan; Schreibman, Susan; INKE Research Group
Dans cet article, nous présentons les fondations conceptuelles et théoriques des travaux entrepris par le groupe de recherche Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE : Mise en oeuvre de nouveaux environnements documentaires), une importante équipe de recherche internationale et interdisciplinaire qui étudie la lecture et les textes, numériques et imprimés. L’équipe INKE est composée de chercheurs et de partenaires directement impliqués dans les domaines liés aux études textuelles, à l’expérience de l’utilisateur, à la conception d’interfaces et la gestion de l’information. Notre but est de contribuer à la mise au point de nouveaux environnements d’informations et de connaissances numériques qui tirent parti des pratiques textuelles antérieures. Dans cet article, nous abordons nos problématiques de recherches, nos méthodes, nos objectifs de recherche, le raisonnement qui sous-tend nos travaux et l’écho que nous espérons qu’ils auront.
Digital Humanities Futures, Open Social Scholarship, and Engaged Publics
(Bloomsbury, 2023) Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray; INKE Research Group
Are academics alone responsible for the evolution of the digital humanities, and its future? Will the future of digital humanities be shaped by pieces in collections such as this, typically written for other academics? We think not, or at least, not entirely. Rather, we begin with the premise that, while the exact future of the digital humanities is ultimately unknowable, it will be shaped by a number of current and emerging forces—academic, individual, institutional, social, societal, and infrastructural among them. More than an academic thought experiment, the impact and influence of these broader forces draw on the interrelation of theory, praxis, and extra-academic involvement, and necessitate the involvement of all those who have a stock in that future. In this context, we are increasingly invested in the concept of open social scholarship, and how the digital humanities embraces, and may one day even fully embody, such a concept. Originating in partnered consultations among a group representing these broader perspectives, the term open social scholarship refers to academic practice that enables the creation, dissemination, and engagement of open research by specialists and non-specialists in accessible and significant ways.1 Our contribution to the present volume suggests that open social scholarship supports many possible futures for the digital humanities, especially as its foundation incorporates a shift from notions of audience for academic work to publics engaged by and in that work.
Drawing Networks in the Devonshire Manuscript (BL Add 17492): Toward Visualizing a Writing Community's Shared Apprenticeship, Social Valuation, and Self-Validation
(Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Paquette, Johanne; Armstrong, Karin; Leitch, Cara; Hirsch, Brett D.; Haswell, Eric; Newton, Greg
At the 2005 Josephine Roberts’ Memorial Panel, sponsored by the Renaissance English Text Society, Jonathan Gibson’s paper “Anne Southwell and the Construction of MS Folger V.b.198” introduced a considerable amount of new, important, and difficult-to-synthesise information about this miscellany and its composition, both physical and authorial. At one point during the paper, a brief aside about the difficulty of rendering information of this sort — information about the way in which physical and authorial space interacted in the manuscript — introduced a few slides containing a newer, visual way of considering a fair bit of complex information of this sort. For several of us in the room at the time, Gibson’s aside about the difficulty associated with conveying such representation (and his solution), resonated significantly, and well beyond. The work we present in this paper has its roots in this resonance and, indeed, will eventually discuss one result of our experimentation in the conveyance of such information in the course of our exploration of the Devonshire MS (BL Add Ms 17492). This paper appears in three parts: one along the lines of traditional work in the field of textually-oriented Renaissance literary studies; one that will merge this traditional approach with that of the computing humanist, with discussion of the visualization of the scribal interaction data we present; and one, as an addendum, that provides the technical details of our experimentation, for those who might wish to reproduce or duplicate elements of it.
Drilling for Papers in INKE
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2012-03-26) Ruecker, Stan; Rockwell, Geoffrey; Doll, Lindsay; Bieber, Mark; Lucky, Shannon; Sinclair, Stéfan; Radzikowska, Milena; Vandendorpe, Christian; Siemens, Ray; Dobson, Teresa; Eberle-Sinatra, Michael
In this article, we discuss the first year research plan for the INKE interface design team, which focuses on a prototype for chaining. Interpretable as a subclass of Unsworth’s scholarly primitive of “discovering”, “chaining” is the process of beginning with an exemplary article, then finding the articles that it cites, the articles they cite, and so on until the reader begins to get a feel for the terrain. The chaining strategy is of particular utility for scholars working in new areas, either through doing background work for interdisciplinary interests or else by pursuing a subtopic in a domain that generates a paper storm of publications every year. In our prototype project, we plan to produce a system that accepts a seed article, tunnels through a number of levels of citation, and generates a summary report listing the most frequent authors and articles. One of the innovative features of this prototype is its use of the experimental “oil and water” interface effect, which uses text animation to provide the user with a sense of the underlying process.
Electronic Environments for Reading: An Annotated Bibliography of Pertinent Hardware and Software (2011)
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2013-05-13) Koolen, Corina; Siemens, Ray; Garnett, Alex
In the development of new research environments, hardware has often been neglected. E-readers have (reasonably) successfully been developed for leisurely reading, but reading with the goal of writing demands a different approach. This bibliography has been written to inform the INKE research group on physical aspects of digital scholarly reading. It consists of two parts: a hardware section, including a description of commercial e-readers as well as an overview of academically developed digital reading devices and a software section, also including commercially available packages next to academically developed reading environments which allow for flexible manipulation of text and other modalities; as well as reflections on digital scholarly reading. Combined, the two sections inform an integrated approach in the development of new research environments.
Enlisting "vertues noble & excelent": Behavior, credit, and knowledge organization in the social edition
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2015) Crompton, Constance; Siemens, Raymond; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE)
A part of the special issue of DHQ on feminisms and digital humanities, this paper takes as its starting place Greg Crane’s exhortation that there is a "need to shift from lone editorials and monumental editions to editors ... who coordinate contributions from many sources and oversee living editions." In response to Crane, the exploration of the "living edition" detailed here examines the process of creating a publicly editable edition and considers what that edition, the process by which it was built, and the platform in which it was produced means for editions that support and promote gender equity. Drawing on the scholarship about the culture of the Wikimedia suite of projects, and the gendered trolling experienced by members of our team in the production of the Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript in Wikibooks, and interviews with our advisory group, we argue that while the Wikimedia projects are often openly hostile online spaces, the Wikimedia suite of projects are so important to the contemporary circulation of knowledge, that the key is to encourage gender equity in social behavior, credit sharing, and knowledge organization in Wikimedia, rather than abandon it for a more controlled collaborative environment for edition production and dissemination.
Foundations for On-Campus Open Social Scholarship Activities
(KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies, 2019) El Khatib, Randa; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray
Social knowledge creation, citizen scholarship, interdisciplinary collaborations, and university-community partnerships have become more common and more visible in contemporary academia. The Electronic Textual Cultures Lab (ETCL) currently focuses on how to engage with such transformations in knowledge creation. In this paper we survey the intellectual foundation of social knowledge creation and major initiatives undertaken to pursue and enact this research in the ETCL. “Social Knowledge Creation: Three Annotated Bibliographies” (Arbuckle, Belojevic, Hiebert, Siemens, et al. 2014), and an updated iteration, “An Annotated Bibliography on Social Knowledge Creation,” (Arbuckle, El Hajj, El Khatib, Seatter, Siemens, et al, 2017), explore how academics collaborate to create knowledge, and how social knowledge creation can bridge the real or perceived gap between the academy and the public. This knowledgebase lays the foundation for the “Open Social Scholarship Annotated Bibliography” (El Hajj, El Khatib, Leibel, Seatter, et al. 2019), which draws on research that adopts and propagates social knowledge creation ideals and explores trends such as accessible research development and dissemination. Using these annotated bibliographies as a theoretical foundation for action, the ETCL began test-driving open social scholarship initiatives with the launch of the Open Knowledge Practicum (OKP). The OKP invites members of the community and the university to pursue their own research in the ETCL. Research output is published in open, public venues. Overall, we aim to acknowledge the expanding, social nature of knowledge production, and to detail how the ETCL utilizes in-person interaction and the digital medium to facilitate open social scholarship.
Futures of the Book
(Routledge, 2018) Bath, Jon; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Crompton, Constance; Christie, Alex; Siemens, Ray
In this chapter, we examine the relationship between the printed book and the electronic book, but not as a progression from the old to the new. We begin by looking at how the electronic book has been shaped by understandings of printed books. Electronic text was initially created to encode pre-existing books and continues to carry traces of this materiality forward. As we reveal the depth of this influence, it becomes clear that the e-book, and the infrastructure that supports it, have been built by those with a very narrow understanding of what the “book” is; an Amazon Kindle may be a marvelous tool for reading novels, but it should be remembered that novels themselves are a fairly recent development in the book’s existence. In opposition to this singular definition of the book, we provide an example, the Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, of how a more fulsome understanding of the socially and institutionally contingent forms that books (and authors, editors, and readers) have taken can result in an e-book that respects, reflects upon, and responds to the book in all its diversity.
Implementing a Social Knowledge Creation Environment
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2015-10-23) Hiebert, Matthew; Siemens, Raymond; Bowen, William R.; Iter; ETCL Research Group; INKE Research Group
“Social knowledge creation,” an emergent area of research interest for digital humanists, promotes experimental critical interventions into more traditional knowledge production processes. The Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria with Iter: Gateway to the Middle Ages and Renaissance (University of Toronto Scarborough) have iteratively prototyped a Web-based platform for social knowledge creation called Iter Community. This article discusses the platform’s implementation as a critical intervention in scholarly production and publication, specifically how it provides new opportunities for research and serves as a model to allow for greater involvement of scholars and the public in knowledge creation.
Implementing New Knowledge Environments: Year One Research Foundations
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2012-03-26) Siemens, Ray; Siemens, Lynne; Cunningham, Richard; Galey, Alan; Ruecker, Stan; Warwick, Claire
In this 2009 article, we present details of the first year work of the INKE (Implementing New Knowledge Environments) research group, a large international, interdisciplinary research team studying reading and texts, both digital and printed. The INKE team is comprised of researchers and stakeholders at the forefronts of fields relating to textual studies, user experience, interface design, and information management. We aim to contribute to the development of new digital information and knowledge environments that build on past textual practices. We discuss our research questions, methods, aims and research objectives, the rationale behind our work and its expected significance—specifically as it pertains to our first year goals of laying a research foundation for this endeavour.
The Initial Impact of the Open Scholarship Policy Observatory
(KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies, 2019) Milligan, Sarah; Silk, Kimberly; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray
In September 2016, members of the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE) Partnership—a broad, diverse group working to advance understanding of, and resolve critical issues in, the production, distribution and widespread engagement of digital scholarship in Canada and beyond—met to discuss future directions and focus areas. One of the resulting initiatives is the Open Scholarship Policy Observatory. The Open Scholarship Policy Observatory tracks national and international policies and policy changes in order to assist INKE partners with developing timely and responsive policies. This paper describes the development of the initiative, and reports on the initial impacts the project has had to date.
"It may change my understanding of the field": Understanding reading tools for scholars and professional readers
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Leitch, Cara; Blake, Analisa; Armstrong, Karin; Willinsky, John
As the amount of scholarly material published in digital form increases, there is growing pressure on content producers to identify the needs of expert readers and to create online tools that satisfy their requirements. Based on the results of a study conducted by the Public Knowledge Project and introduced at Digital Humanities 2006 (Siemens, Willinsky and Blake), continued and augmented since, this paper discusses the reactions of Humanities Computing scholars and graduate students to using a set of online reading tools. The results of our study reveal both the potential strengths and perceived weaknesses of online reading environments. Understanding how users read and evaluate research materials, anticipating users’ expectations of the reading tools and resources, and addressing user concerns about the availability of online material will lead to improvements in the design and features of online publishing.
An “Open Lab?” The Electronic Textual Cultures Lab in the Evolving Digital Humanities Landscape
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2020-09-01) El Khatib, Randa; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Lynne; Siemens, Ray; Winter, Caroline; ETCL Research Group
As the scholarly landscape evolves into a more “open” plain, so do the shapes of institutions, labs, centres, and other places and spaces of research, including those of the digital humanities (DH). The continuing success of such research largely depends on a commitment to open access and open source philosophies that broaden opportunities for a more efficient, productive, and universal design and use of knowledge. The Electronic Textual Cultures Laboratory (ETCL; etcl.uvic.ca) is a collaborative centre for digital and open scholarly practices at the University of Victoria, Canada, that engages with these transformations in knowledge creation through its umbrella organization, the Canadian Social Knowledge Institute (C-SKI), that coordinates and supports open social scholarship activities across three major initiatives: the ETCL itself, the Digital Humanities Summer Institute (DHSI; dhsi.org), and the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE; inke.ca) Partnership, including sub-projects associated with each. Open social scholarship is the practice of creating and disseminating public-facing scholarship through accessible means. Working through C-SKI, we seek ways to engage communities more widely with publicly funded humanities scholarship, such as through research creation and dissemination, mentorship, and skills training.
Open Scholarship in Australia: A Review of Needs, Barriers, and Opportunities
(Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2021-01-17) Arthur, Paul Longley; Hearn, Lydia; Montgomery, Lucy; Craig, Hugh; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray
Open scholarship encompasses open access, open data, open source software, open educational resources, and all other forms of openness in the scholarly and research environment, using digital or computational techniques, or both. It can change how knowledge is created, preserved, and shared, and can better connect academics with communities they serve. Yet, the movement toward open scholarship has encountered significant challenges. This article begins by examining the history of open scholarship in Australia. It then reviews the literature to examine key barriers hampering uptake of open scholarship, with emphasis on the humanities. This involves a review of global, institutional, systemic, and financial obstacles, followed by a synthesis of how these barriers are influenced at diverse stakeholder levels: policymakers and peak bodies, publishers, senior university administrators, researchers, librarians, and platform providers. There view illustrates how universities are increasingly hard-pressed to sustain access to publicly funded research as journal, monograph, and open scholarship costs continue to rise. Those in academia voice concerns about the lack of appropriate open scholarship infrastructure and recognition for the adoption of open practices. Limited access to credible research has led, in some cases, to public misunderstanding about legitimacy in online sources. This article, therefore, represents an urgent call for more empirical research around ‘missed opportunities’ to promote open scholarship. Only by better understanding barriers and needs across the university landscape can we address current challenges to open scholarship so research can be presented in usable and understandable ways, with data made more freely available for reuse by the broader public.
Open Social Scholarship in Action
(Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2020) El Khatib, Randa; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Winter, Caroline; Siemens, Raymond G.; ETCL Research Group
Open social scholarship highlights outreach and partnerships by emphasizing community-driven initiatives in an attempt to bridge the gap between the practices of the university and the goals of the community. Over the last few years, the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria has introduced a number of initiatives to this end, including the Open Knowledge Program and Open Scholarship Awards. In describing these initiatives, the article engages the larger framework of community engagement and public-facing scholarship. The guiding questions for this article and our work more broadly are: how can we productively put open social scholarship into practice? What type of scholarship is considered public facing? What is the best practice around co-creating knowledge in the humanities with communities that are academic-aligned or non-academic?
Pertinent discussions toward modeling the social edition: Annotated bibliographies
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2012) Siemens, Ray; Timney, Meagan; Leitch, Cara; Koolen, Corina; Garnett, Alex
The two annotated bibliographies present in this publication document and feature pertinent discussions toward the activity of modeling the social edition, first exploring reading devices, tools and social media issues and, second, social networking tools for professional readers in the Humanities. In this work, which is published conjointly with the LLC piece "Toward Modeling the Social Edition: An Approach to Understanding the Electronic Scholarly Edition in the Context of New and Emerging Social Media," we consider a typology of electronic scholarly editions adjacent to activities common to humanities scholars who engage texts as expert readers, noting therein that many methods of engagement both reflect the interrelated nature of long-standing professional reading strategies and are social in nature; extending this framework, the next steps in the scholarly edition’s development in its incorporation of social media functionality reflect the importance of traditional humanistic activities and workflows, and include collaboration, incorporating contributions by its readers and re-visioning the role of the editor away from that of ultimate authority and more toward that of facilitator of reader involvement.

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