Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE)

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Academic Prototyping as a Method of Knowledge Production: The Case of the Dynamic Table of Contexts
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2014-09-03) Ruecker, Stan; Adelaar, Nadine; Brown, Susan; Dobson, Teresa; Knechtel, Ruth; Liepert, Susan; MacDonald, Andrew; Peña, Ernesto; Radzikowska, Milena; Roeder, Geoff G.; Sinclaire, Stefan; Windsor, Jennifer; INKE Research Group
Academic prototyping, like ethnography or bench studies, is a way of producing new knowledge about an idea. It can result in a kind of evidence that can be used to strengthen or weaken an argument. A prototype is an artifact, but it is not just an artifact; it may be a phase in product development, but it is not necessarily so. It is also, and perhaps more importantly, a phase in a critical process. In fact, it is perhaps better to speak of academic prototyping, rather than of academic prototypes. In this article, as an example, we discuss the Dynamic Table of Contexts, an academic prototyping project that has served for more than 10 years as a focus of ideas about what it means to remediate and improve on a venerable print tradition.
Beyond Browsing and Reading: The Open Work of Digital Scholarly Editions
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2013-12-18) Saklofske, Jon; Bruce, Jake; INKE Research Group
INKE’s Modelling and Prototyping Team is currently motivated by the following research questions: How do we model and enable context within the electronic scholarly edition? And how do we engage knowledge-building communities and capture process, dialogue, and connections in and around the electronic scholarly edition? NewRadial is a prototype scholarly edition environment developed to address such queries. It argues for the unification of primary texts, secondary scholarship, and related knowledge communities, and re-presents the digital scholarly edition as a social edition — an open work and shared space where users collaboratively explore, sort, group, annotate, and contribute to secondary scholarship creation.
Beyond Remediation: The Role of Textual Studies in Implementing New Knowledge Environments*
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2012-03-26) Galey, Alan; Cunningham, Richard; Nelson, Brent; Siemens, Ray; Werstine, Paul
This article considers the role of textual studies in a digital world and reviews the work of a particular group of digital textual scholars. Specifically, the article examines the work of the Textual Studies team at the Implementing New Knowledge Environments project (INKE.ca), a group of digital textual scholars working on user experience, interface design, and information management with the goal of better understanding how reading is changing in the context of digital media. INKE’s work rethinks what the book can become and aims to generate prototypes to be shared on an open-source basis with the public.
Building A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript
(Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme, 2014) Crompton, Constance; Powell, Daniel; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray; Shirley, Maggie; Devonshire Manuscript Editorial Group
This article describes the context and development of A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, a collaboratively created Wikibook edition of the sixteenth-century verse miscellany known as the Devonshire Manuscript (BL MS Add. 17,492). This project began in 2001 when Dr. Ray Siemens led a group of researchers in an exploration of how to create a digital edition of the Devonshire Manuscript. Since then, the project has transitioned through many forms and formats, and A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript is the most recent output of these academic experiments. Of note, a print version of A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript is forthcoming from Iter and Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies (MRTS). Cet article retrace le contexte et le développement du projet A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, consistant en l’édition électronique (Wikibook) en collaboration d’un manuscrit du XVIe siècle de mélanges poétiques connu sous le nom de Devonshire Manuscript (BL MS Add. 17 492). Ce projet a été initié en 2001, lorsque le Dr Ray Siemens a dirigé un groupe de recherche explorant les possibilités de publier une édition numérique du Devonshire Manuscript. Depuis, le projet a pris plusieurs formes, et celui intitulé A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript en est sa forme la plus récente issues des diverses expériences du groupe. Il doit être souligné que A Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript, sera bientôt publié en version imprimée par Iter et les Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies (MRTS).
Building and Sustaining Long-term Collaboration – Lessons at the Midway Mark
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2014-05-14) Siemens, Lynne; INKE Research Group
This paper contributes to the discussion of ways to support research collaborations by reviewing INKE’s experiences in collaboration and the creation of supportive structures and processes from the first three and a half years of collaboration.
The Changing Culture of Humanities Scholarship: Iteration, Recursion, and Versions in Scholarly Collaboration Environments
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2014-12-16) Susan, Brown; John, Simpson; INKE Research Group; CWRC Project Team
The non-linear and iterative nature of scholarly research processes presents complexities with respect to how online collaborative systems manage versions both within interfaces and at the back end. is article maps out a two-part framework for thinking about versions and versioning in the context of contemporary scholarship and data preservation. e first presents four notable qualities of digital textuality that are intensified by the digital turn, and the second considers technical considerations flowing from these characteristics. e authors argue that the management of large humanities data sets and the design of associated interfaces, tools, and infrastructure need to recognize and preserve the dynamic, living nature of digital cultural artifacts and of scholarship on culture.
Codex Ultor: Toward a Conceptual and Theoretical Foundation for New Research on Books and Knowledge Environments
(Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Warwick, Claire; Cunningham, Richard; Dobson, Teresa; Galey, Alan; Ruecker, Stan; Schreibman, Susan; INKE Research Group
In this paper, we present the conceptual and theoretical foundations for work undertaken by the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE) research group, a large international, interdisciplinary research team studying reading and texts, both digital and printed. The INKE team is comprised of researchers and stakeholders at the forefronts of fields relating to textual studies, user experience, interface design, and information management. We aim to contribute to the development of new digital information and knowledge environments that build on past textual practices. In this piece, we discuss our research questions, methods, aims and research objectives, the rationale behind our work and its expected significance.
Codex Ultor: Vers des fondations conceptuelles et théoriques pour de nouvelles recherches sur les livres et les environnements documentaires
(Mémoires du livre/Studies in Book Culture, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Warwick, Claire; Cunningham, Richard; Dobson, Teresa; Galey, Alan; Ruecker, Stan; Schreibman, Susan; INKE Research Group
Dans cet article, nous présentons les fondations conceptuelles et théoriques des travaux entrepris par le groupe de recherche Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE : Mise en oeuvre de nouveaux environnements documentaires), une importante équipe de recherche internationale et interdisciplinaire qui étudie la lecture et les textes, numériques et imprimés. L’équipe INKE est composée de chercheurs et de partenaires directement impliqués dans les domaines liés aux études textuelles, à l’expérience de l’utilisateur, à la conception d’interfaces et la gestion de l’information. Notre but est de contribuer à la mise au point de nouveaux environnements d’informations et de connaissances numériques qui tirent parti des pratiques textuelles antérieures. Dans cet article, nous abordons nos problématiques de recherches, nos méthodes, nos objectifs de recherche, le raisonnement qui sous-tend nos travaux et l’écho que nous espérons qu’ils auront.
Considering The Waste Land for iPad and Weird Fiction as models for the public digital edition
(Digital Studies / Le champ numérique, 2014) Arbuckle, Alyssa
What is the best model for public-facing digital literary editions? In 2011, Touch Press released The Waste Land for iPad, an interactive tablet application showcasing T.S. Eliot's notorious 1922 poem The Waste Land. From an academic editorial standpoint, Touch Press's edition has some grave issues. From a popular standpoint, The Waste Land for iPad is successful and well-received. This article asks: How can the tenets of humanities design and scholarly editorial practice be reconciled with the priorities of those who are currently in charge of widespread development and dissemination of cultural content through digital means? By briefly analysing The Waste Land for iPad and contrasting findings to the author's own attempt at developing a digital literary application (Weird Fiction), this article juxtaposes popularity and precision, ethics and economics in the field of cultural production. Quel est le meilleur modèle en ce qui concerne les éditions littéraires numériques destinées au public? En 2011, Touch Press a lancé The Waste Land pour iPad, une application interactive pour tablette présentant le célèbre poème de T.S. Elliot écrit en 1922, The Waste Land (La terre vaine). D’un point de vue éditorial universitaire, l’édition de Touch Press présente certains problèmes sérieux. D’un point de vue populaire, The Waste Land pour iPad a du succès et est bien reçu. Cet article pose la question suivante: Comment réconcilier les principes fondamentaux de la conception et de la pratique éditoriale universitaire des humanités avec les priorités de ceux qui sont actuellement en charge du développement et de la diffusion à grande échelle du contenu culturel par des moyens numériques? En analysant brièvement The Waste Land pour iPad et en contrastant les résultats à la tentative même de l’auteur pour développer une application littéraire numérique, Weird Fiction (fiction fantastique), cet article juxtapose popularité et précision, éthique et économie dans le domaine de la production culturelle.
Designing data mining droplets: New interface objects for the humanities scholar
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2009) Ruecker, Stan; Radzikowska, Milena; Sinclair, Stéfan
In this paper, we describe the design of a number of alternative interface "droplets" that are intended for use by humanities scholars interested in applying data mining and information visualization tools to the task of hypothesis formulation. The trained droplets provide several functions. Their primary purpose is to encapsulate the results of the software training phase. They can be saved for future re-use against other collections or combinations of collections. They can be modified by having the user accept or reject features identified by the data mining software. Finally, they can also contain choices for how to display and organize items in the collection. The opportunity to develop a new interface object presents the designer with the challenge of effectively communicating what the tool is good for and how it is used. This paper outlines the design process we followed in creating the visual representations of these interface objects, describes the communicative strengths and weaknesses of a number of alternative designs, and discusses the importance of the study of new interface objects as the means of providing the user with new interface affordances.
Developing academic capacity in digital humanities: Thoughts from the Canadian community
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2013) Siemens, Lynne
Despite DH’s long history, it is still perceived as a relatively emergent academic discipline which has several implications for its ongoing development and acceptance. In order to understand its role in supporting the field’s development and acceptance, SSHRC commissioned a survey of the larger Humanities and Social Science’s community to understand the issues related to DH’s development and acceptance and the types of activities that should be funded. The survey results suggest there is reason for optimism regarding the growing acceptance of digital methods, resources and tools and electronic dissemination as instructors, researchers, and students are using and publishing in digital outlets and creating and employing digital recourses, methods and tools andventuring into new research fields. This trend is likely to continue as students and younger scholars continue to embrace the digital in all aspects of their personal and professional lives. However, this optimism should be tempered to some extent as students and junior faculty are still less likely than associate professors to present and publish their digital-oriented research for a variety of reasons. The field’s more senior faculty can mentor their junior colleagues and students to this end and shape salary, tenure and promotion policies to recognize and reward these efforts. Finally, issues remain around the amount of funding required for the initial development and ongoing sustainability and relevance of digital resources and may become more critical over time. Granting agencies will need to evaluate their funding role in this regard.
Digital Humanities Futures, Open Social Scholarship, and Engaged Publics
(Bloomsbury, 2023) Arbuckle, Alyssa; Siemens, Ray; INKE Research Group
Are academics alone responsible for the evolution of the digital humanities, and its future? Will the future of digital humanities be shaped by pieces in collections such as this, typically written for other academics? We think not, or at least, not entirely. Rather, we begin with the premise that, while the exact future of the digital humanities is ultimately unknowable, it will be shaped by a number of current and emerging forces—academic, individual, institutional, social, societal, and infrastructural among them. More than an academic thought experiment, the impact and influence of these broader forces draw on the interrelation of theory, praxis, and extra-academic involvement, and necessitate the involvement of all those who have a stock in that future. In this context, we are increasingly invested in the concept of open social scholarship, and how the digital humanities embraces, and may one day even fully embody, such a concept. Originating in partnered consultations among a group representing these broader perspectives, the term open social scholarship refers to academic practice that enables the creation, dissemination, and engagement of open research by specialists and non-specialists in accessible and significant ways.1 Our contribution to the present volume suggests that open social scholarship supports many possible futures for the digital humanities, especially as its foundation incorporates a shift from notions of audience for academic work to publics engaged by and in that work.
The Digital Humanities Summer Institute and Extra-Institutional Modes of Engagement
(Faculty of Information Quarterly, 2011-04) Bialkowski, Voytek; Niles, Rebecca; Galey, Alan
This paper discusses the experiences of two participants in the Digital Humanities Summer Institute (DHSI), a week-long workshop and lecture series designed to provide an intensive environment for learning and collaboration in the field of digital humanities outside of regular institutional curricula. The DHSI presents an opportunity to consider how digital humanities scholars define themselves as a methodological and theoretical community, given that the field is composed of scholars from a diverse range of backgrounds who may disagree strongly on the nature of the relationship between humanities and information studies that defines digital humanities as a discipline. Two major paradigms emerge, one which sees digital humanities as the application of digital tools to humanistic topics, and another which privileges critical reflection on how digital modes of writing, reading, and scholarship impact our understanding of humanistic inquiry. This paper functions as both a reflection on the DHSI as a form of extra-curricular scholarly engagement, as well as an inquiry into broader theoretical and disciplinary problems within the digital humanities.
dis-Covering the Early Modern Book: An Experiment in Humanities Computing
(Digital Studies/Le champ numérique,, 2009) Cunningham, Richard
“dis-Covering the Early Modern Book” is a description of an experiment conducted during a single day spent in the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria. The purpose of the experiment was primarily to find out what kind of digital artefact could be generated from an early modern book. Secondarily, we wanted to contemplate potential use for such an artefact, which subsequently was clearly established to be teaching bibliography, or book or print culture.
Drawing Networks in the Devonshire Manuscript (BL Add 17492): Toward Visualizing a Writing Community's Shared Apprenticeship, Social Valuation, and Self-Validation
(Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 2009) Siemens, Ray; Paquette, Johanne; Armstrong, Karin; Leitch, Cara; Hirsch, Brett D.; Haswell, Eric; Newton, Greg
At the 2005 Josephine Roberts’ Memorial Panel, sponsored by the Renaissance English Text Society, Jonathan Gibson’s paper “Anne Southwell and the Construction of MS Folger V.b.198” introduced a considerable amount of new, important, and difficult-to-synthesise information about this miscellany and its composition, both physical and authorial. At one point during the paper, a brief aside about the difficulty of rendering information of this sort — information about the way in which physical and authorial space interacted in the manuscript — introduced a few slides containing a newer, visual way of considering a fair bit of complex information of this sort. For several of us in the room at the time, Gibson’s aside about the difficulty associated with conveying such representation (and his solution), resonated significantly, and well beyond. The work we present in this paper has its roots in this resonance and, indeed, will eventually discuss one result of our experimentation in the conveyance of such information in the course of our exploration of the Devonshire MS (BL Add Ms 17492). This paper appears in three parts: one along the lines of traditional work in the field of textually-oriented Renaissance literary studies; one that will merge this traditional approach with that of the computing humanist, with discussion of the visualization of the scribal interaction data we present; and one, as an addendum, that provides the technical details of our experimentation, for those who might wish to reproduce or duplicate elements of it.
Drilling for Papers in INKE
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2012-03-26) Ruecker, Stan; Rockwell, Geoffrey; Doll, Lindsay; Bieber, Mark; Lucky, Shannon; Sinclair, Stéfan; Radzikowska, Milena; Vandendorpe, Christian; Siemens, Ray; Dobson, Teresa; Eberle-Sinatra, Michael
In this article, we discuss the first year research plan for the INKE interface design team, which focuses on a prototype for chaining. Interpretable as a subclass of Unsworth’s scholarly primitive of “discovering”, “chaining” is the process of beginning with an exemplary article, then finding the articles that it cites, the articles they cite, and so on until the reader begins to get a feel for the terrain. The chaining strategy is of particular utility for scholars working in new areas, either through doing background work for interdisciplinary interests or else by pursuing a subtopic in a domain that generates a paper storm of publications every year. In our prototype project, we plan to produce a system that accepts a seed article, tunnels through a number of levels of citation, and generates a summary report listing the most frequent authors and articles. One of the innovative features of this prototype is its use of the experimental “oil and water” interface effect, which uses text animation to provide the user with a sense of the underlying process.
Electronic Environments for Reading: An Annotated Bibliography of Pertinent Hardware and Software (2011)
(Scholarly and Research Communication, 2013-05-13) Koolen, Corina; Siemens, Ray; Garnett, Alex
In the development of new research environments, hardware has often been neglected. E-readers have (reasonably) successfully been developed for leisurely reading, but reading with the goal of writing demands a different approach. This bibliography has been written to inform the INKE research group on physical aspects of digital scholarly reading. It consists of two parts: a hardware section, including a description of commercial e-readers as well as an overview of academically developed digital reading devices and a software section, also including commercially available packages next to academically developed reading environments which allow for flexible manipulation of text and other modalities; as well as reflections on digital scholarly reading. Combined, the two sections inform an integrated approach in the development of new research environments.
Enacting Change: A Study of the Implementation of e-Readers and an Online Library in two Canadian High School Classrooms
(Liber Quarterly, 2010-09) Patterson, Serina; Stokes-Bennett, Devon; Siemens, Ray; Nahachewsky, James
In this paper the authors discuss their interdisciplinary pilot project entitled ‘Teaching for the 21st Century: A Pilot Project on E-Reading with SD62’ that engaged in the development and implementation of a customized and purpose-specific online library for two selected high school classrooms at a time when such systems did not exist for this purpose. This project combined (1) information literacy issues, (2) pedagogy and e-pedagogy, and (3) computational modeling activities founded on a productive confluence of these perspectives all situated at the intersection of pertinent theories and practices pertaining to each. The result of the research project was a functional online library environment that worked in the classrooms to support born-digital students' engagement with e-readers and findings of the way in which these both worked in the context of multiliteracies classrooms.
Enlisting "vertues noble & excelent": Behavior, credit, and knowledge organization in the social edition
(Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2015) Crompton, Constance; Siemens, Raymond; Arbuckle, Alyssa; Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE)
A part of the special issue of DHQ on feminisms and digital humanities, this paper takes as its starting place Greg Crane’s exhortation that there is a "need to shift from lone editorials and monumental editions to editors ... who coordinate contributions from many sources and oversee living editions." In response to Crane, the exploration of the "living edition" detailed here examines the process of creating a publicly editable edition and considers what that edition, the process by which it was built, and the platform in which it was produced means for editions that support and promote gender equity. Drawing on the scholarship about the culture of the Wikimedia suite of projects, and the gendered trolling experienced by members of our team in the production of the Social Edition of the Devonshire Manuscript in Wikibooks, and interviews with our advisory group, we argue that while the Wikimedia projects are often openly hostile online spaces, the Wikimedia suite of projects are so important to the contemporary circulation of knowledge, that the key is to encourage gender equity in social behavior, credit sharing, and knowledge organization in Wikimedia, rather than abandon it for a more controlled collaborative environment for edition production and dissemination.
Exploratory Search Interfaces for the UNESCO Multilingual Digital Library: Combining Visualization and Semantics
(Journal of the Chicago Colloquium on Digital Humanities and Computer Science, 2011) Ruecker, Stan; Shiri, Ali; Fiorentino, Carlos; Bouchard, Matt; Stafford, Amy; Bieber, Mark
The objective of this paper is to report on the design of semantically–rich and dynamic visual user interfaces to support exploratory interaction with the UNESCO digital library materials. The UNESCO multilingual thesaurus, which supports English, French, and Spanish, has been utilized to provide a semantic and multilingual environment where users can browse the thesaurus using word buckets, formulate queries, explore the conceptual space of their query terms and view results in a dynamic and highly interactive environment. The interface design focuses on integrating searching and browsing and multilingual elements in a visual environment where terms and retrieved documents are designed as visual objects. To facilitate users’ interaction with terms, thesaural relationships are shown using such elements as colour, size, location, and distance.

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